Ukubuka: 11 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2023-05-19 Umsuka: Isayithi
I-Acrylamide iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula ethi C3H5NO kanye nenombolo ye-CAS 79-06-1 . Ngendlela yayo eqinile, icwebezelayo emhlophe, engenaphunga.
Ikhiqizwa njenge-monomer yokukhiqiza i-polymer. Ikhemikhali efanayo nayo ingakheka ngokungenhloso ekudleni okuthile ngesikhathi sokupheka okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Lezi zimo ezimbili zibandakanya imithombo ehlukene nezimo zokuchayeka.
I-Acrylamide isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza i-polyacrylamide ne-acrylamide copolymers. Izicelo zezinto ezitholakalayo zihlanganisa:
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi namanzi angcolile: Ama-polymer flocculants afanelekayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwephepha: Izinsiza zokucubungula ezisekelwe ku-polymer.
Ukwakhiwa okukhethekile: Okunamathelayo okukhethiwe neminye imikhiqizo ye-polymer.
Umsebenzi waselabhorethri: Polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis.
I-monomer kanye ne-polymer eqediwe inezakhiwo ezahlukene. Okuqukethwe kwe-acrylamide eyinsalela kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha i-polymer yohlelo lokusebenza olulawulwayo.
Ngaphandle kwezindawo zezimboni, ukudla nentuthu kagwayi kuyimithombo ebalulekile yokuchayeka.
Ekudleni, i-acrylamide ivamise ukwakheka ngesikhathi sokucubungula noma ukupheka. Ukuba khona kwayo ekhofini eligazingiwe noma amazambane athosiwe akusho ukuthi i-acrylamide yezimboni yengezwe emkhiqizweni.
I-Acrylamide ingakheka lapho i-amino acid asparagine ihlangana noshukela othile ngesikhathi sokushisisa. Le ndlela ihlotshaniswa nokusabela kwe-Maillard, okubuye kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwensundu kanye nokunambitheka.
Ukwakheka kubaluleke kakhulu kokunye ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni okushisisa ngaphezu kuka-120°C ngaphansi kwezimo ezinomswakama ophansi. Inani elakhiwe lincike izithako, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi kanye nomswakama.
Ukudla okuvamise ukuhlotshaniswa ne-acrylamide kufaka phakathi:
| Isigaba sokudla | Izibonelo | Izinto ezifanele zokucubungula |
|---|---|---|
| Imikhiqizo yamazambane | Amazambane athosiwe, ama-chips amazambane | Ukwakheka kwempahla eluhlaza, izimo zokuthosa kanye nokubansundu |
| Imikhiqizo yesinkwa nebhikawozi | I-Toast, ama-crackers, ama-biscuits | Iresiphi, isikhathi sokubhaka kanye nokugqama kwendawo |
| Ukudla okusekelwe okusanhlamvu | Okusanhlamvu okukhethiwe kwasekuseni nokudla okulula | Izithako kanye nokucubungula okushisayo |
| Ikhofi nekhofi esikhundleni | Ikhofi egazisiwe, imikhiqizo ethile ye-cereal noma ye-chicory | Izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nephrofayili yokugazinga |
Amazinga ayahluka phakathi kwemikhiqizo namaqoqo. Isigaba sokudla noma ukubukeka kukodwa akusunguli ukugxiliswa kwe-acrylamide.
I-IARC ihlukanisa i-acrylamide ngokuthi cishe i-carcinogenic kubantu (Iqembu 2A) . Ucwaningo lwezilwane lunikeza ubufakazi bemiphumela ye-carcinogenic, kuyilapho izifundo zabantu zokuchayeka ekudleni azizange zibonise ukuhlangana okungaguquki nomdlavuza.
Lokhu okutholakele kusekela imizamo yokunciphisa ukuchayeka okungagwemeka ngaphandle kokuphatha konke ukudla okuqukethe i-acrylamide njengokunengozi efanayo.
I-Acrylamide ingalimaza isistimu yezinzwa lapho uchayeka ngokwanele. Imiphumela ibikiwe kubasebenzi abaveziwe, ngakho-ke le ngozi ayigcini ezifundweni zezilwane.
Ukuchayeka ezimbonini kungenzeka ngokumunca isikhumba kanye nokuhogela. Abasebenzisi be-acrylamide egxilile kufanele balandele i-SDS yamanje kanye nezilawuli ezifanele zokuchayeka endaweni yokusebenza.
Iziphathimandla zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokunciphisa i-acrylamide:
I-European Union: I-Regulation (EU) 2017/2158 isungula izinyathelo zokunciphisa kanye namazinga okulinganisa ezigabeni zokudla ezikhavwe.
I-United States: Isiqondiso se-FDA sichaza izindlela zokunciphisa ezingaba khona zabalimi, abakhiqizi kanye nabaqhubi bezinsizakalo zokudla. Leso siqondiso asisunguli ileveli eyodwa ephezulu enconyiwe.
Amazinga ebhentshimakhi ayizinkomba zokusebenza kokunciphisa futhi akufanele ahunyushwe njengemingcele yokuphepha yendawo yonke. Amabhizinisi kufanele abuyekeze izimfuneko ezisebenza emikhiqizweni yawo nasezimakethe zendawo.
Izinyathelo kufanele zikhethelwe ukudla okuthile kanye nenqubo.
Ukulungiselela amazambane: Ukucwiliswa emanzini noma ukucwiliswa kwe-blanching kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukwakheka ezinqubweni ezifanele. Khipha futhi womise izingcezu ezicwilisiwe ngaphambi kokuthosa.
Indawo yokugcina yokupheka: Khomba ngemikhiqizo yamazambane asagolide futhi ugweme ukuba nsundu ngokweqile noma ukushiswa.
Imikhiqizo yesinkwa nebhikawozi: Lawula izimo zokubhaka noma zokuthosa futhi ugweme izindawo ezimnyama ngokungadingekile.
Izindlela zokupheka: Ukubilisa noma ukubilisa ngokuvamile kukhiqiza i-acrylamide encane kunokupheka okomile, okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Izilawuli zokukhiqiza: Buyekeza izinto zokusetshenziswa, izindlela zokupheka nezimo zokucubungula, bese uqinisekisa imiphumela ngohlelo olufanele lokuhlola.
Landela imiyalelo yokupheka futhi ugcine ukuphepha kokudla kwe-microbiological lapho ushintsha isikhathi noma izinga lokushisa. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ekhaya noma 'engokwemvelo' ayinciphi ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-acrylamide.
I-Acrylamide yakha ngesikhathi sokugazingwa kwekhofi esikhundleni sokuphiswa okuvamile. Amazinga ancike kubhontshisi kanye nenqubo yokuwugazinga; ubumnyama obugazingiwe bubodwa abunikezi isilinganiso esinokwethenjelwa.
Amarosti alula akufanele kuthathwe ngokuthi aqukethe i-acrylamide encane kunawosiwe amnyama.
Okunye okufakwe esikhundleni sekhofi okugazingiwe okusekelwe ku-chicory nakho kuqukethe i-acrylamide. Okuqukethwe kwe-caffeine nezincazelo zomkhiqizo akufanele kusetshenziswe esikhundleni solwazi oluqondene nomkhiqizo.
Ivamise ukuvela ezithakweni ezenzeka ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kunokuba yengezwe ngamabomu.
Cha. I-Acrylamide iyi-monomer, kuyilapho i-polyacrylamide iyi-polymer eyenziwe ngayo. Ukufaneleka komkhiqizo kuncike ngokwengxenye ekucacisweni kwe-polymer kanye nokulawulwa kwe-monomer eyinsalela.
Ukuqeda ngokuphelele kukho konke ukudla okufanelekile kunzima. Izinyathelo zokunciphisa kufanele zigunyazwe iresiphi ethile kanye nenqubo.
I-Acrylamide inendima ebalulekile yezimboni ekukhiqizeni i-polymer futhi ingakheka ingahlosile ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukudla.
Ukuqonda umthombo wawo, isimo samakhemikhali nezimo zokuchayeka kusiza ukuhlukanisa izidingo zokuphatha izimboni nokunciphisa inqubo yokudla. Ulwazi olunembile nezilawuli ezifanele zibalulekile kuzo zombili izilungiselelo.
Mayelana nokucaciswa kwe-acrylamide yezimboni kanye nemibuzo yokuhlinzeka , xhumana ne-Aozun Chemical ku lisa@aozunchem.com.
