Iyini i-Acrylamide?

Iyini i-Acrylamide?

I-Acrylamide iyinhlanganisela emhlophe, engenaphunga, futhi ecwebezelayo eyingxenye yomndeni wamakhemikhali aphilayo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zezimboni, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki, izinto zokunamathisela, nephepha. Nokho, ukuba khona kwayo ekudleni kuye kwaphakamisa ukunaka okukhulu. I-Acrylamide yakha lapho ama-amino acid athile noshukela kusabela lapho kukhona ukushisa, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-120°C (248°F).

Imithombo ye-Acrylamide

I-Acrylamide ingatholakala kunhlobonhlobo yokudla okuphekwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Eminye imithombo evamile ye-acrylamide ihlanganisa imikhiqizo yamazambane athosiwe njengama-French fries nama-chips amazambane, kanye nezimpahla ezibhakiwe ezifana nesinkwa, amakhukhi, namakhekhe. Ikhofi, ikakhulukazi uma ligazingiwe libe nombala omnyama, lingaqukatha i-acrylamide.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Acrylamide

Ukwakheka kwe-acrylamide kwenzeka ngokusabela kwe-Maillard, okuwukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-amino acid nokunciphisa ushukela. Lokhu kusabela kuyimbangela yokugqama kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokunambitheka kokudla okuphekiwe. Lapho ukudla okunesitashi kuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, njengalapho kuthoswa noma kubhakwa, ama-amino acid noshukela kusabela enze i-acrylamide.

Ukudla Okuthintwe I-Acrylamide

I-Acrylamide ingatholakala ekudleni okuhlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yamazambane athosiwe kanye nezinto ezibhakiwe, likhona nasezintweni ezisanhlamvu, ama-crackers, nokunye ukudla okulula okugayiwe. Ukwengeza, imifino ethile yezimpande njengamazambane nobhatata ingaba ne-acrylamide uma iphekwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ukuqonda ukudla okuthinteka kakhulu i-acrylamide kubalulekile ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Ukukhathazeka Kwezempilo Nezingozi

Nakuba ubukhona be-acrylamide ekudleni buphathelene, ubungozi bayo bezempilo zisacutshungulwa. Ucwaningo lwezilwane lubonise ukuthi imithamo ephezulu ye-acrylamide ingabangela ukulimala kwemizwa kanye nezinkinga zokuzala. Kodwa-ke, ubungozi kubantu bokuchayeka ekudleni ku-acrylamide abucace kangako. Ama-ejensi alawulayo, afana ne-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kanye ne-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), bayaqhubeka nokuhlola ubufakazi obutholakalayo ukuze banqume ubungozi bezempilo obungaba khona obuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-acrylamide.

Izinyathelo Zokulawula Nemihlahlandlela

Ukuze kubhekwane nokukhathazeka okuhlobene ne-acrylamide, ama-ejensi alawulayo asungule imihlahlandlela nemithethonqubo yabakhiqizi bokudla. Le mihlahlandlela ihlose ukwehlisa amazinga e-acrylamide emikhiqizweni yokudla ngokwamukela izinqubo ezinhle zokukhiqiza, njengokuthuthukisa amazinga okushisa okupheka nobude besikhathi, ukukhetha izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinezandulela eziphansi ze-acrylamide, nokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuqapha nokuhlola eziphumelelayo.

Ukunciphisa i-Acrylamide ekudleni

Abakhiqizi bokudla nabathengi bangathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokunciphisa ukuba khona kwe-acrylamide ekudleni. Lokhu kubandakanya:

1. Ukucwiliswa emanzini noma uku-blanching amazambane ngaphambi kokuthosa ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-acrylamide.

   
   

2. Ukugwema ukupheka ngokweqile noma ukushisa ukudla.

   
   

3. Ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokupheka njengokupheka ngesitimu noma ukubilisa esikhundleni sokuthosa noma ukubhaka.

   
   

4. Ukukhetha amaleveli okugazinga alula uma udla ikhofi.

   
   

5. Ukukhetha imikhiqizo yokudla ebhalwe ukuthi iphansi ku-acrylamide noma eye yabhekana nezinqubo zokunciphisa i-acrylamide.

   
   

Ngokwamukela lezi zinyathelo, bobabili abakhiqizi bokudla nabathengi bangaba negalelo ekwehliseni ukuchayeka kwe-acrylamide.

I-Acrylamide Kokunye Ikhofi Nekhofi

Ikhofi yisiphuzo esidumile esiphuzwa izigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Ubhontshisi wekhofi ogazingiwe uqukethe i-acrylamide, futhi amazinga ayo angahluka ngokuya ngenqubo yokugazinga nobude besikhathi. Ama-roast amnyama ngokuvamile anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-acrylamide kunama-roast alula. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinzuzo zezempilo zizonke zekhofi zingadlula izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuchayeka kwe-acrylamide.

Kubantu abakhathazeke nge-acrylamide, kunezinye izindlela ezitholakalayo esikhundleni sekhofi, njengetiye lemithi kanye neziphuzo ezingenayo i-caffeine. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile zinikeza izinketho zalabo abafuna ukunciphisa ukudla kwabo kwe-acrylamide kuyilapho bejabulela iziphuzo ezishisayo ezishisayo.

I-Acrylamide kanye Nengozi Yomdlavuza

Okunye okukhathazayo okukhulu okuzungeze i-acrylamide ukuxhumana kwayo okungenzeka nomdlavuza. Ucwaningo ngobudlelwano phakathi kokudla kwe-acrylamide nobungozi bomdlavuza kubantu buye baveza imiphumela exubile. Nakuba ezinye izifundo ziphakamise ukuhlotshaniswa okungenzeka phakathi kokudla okuphezulu kwe-acrylamide nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza wezinso, ovarian, nomdlavuza we-endometrial, ezinye izifundo azizange zithole ukuhlobana okubalulekile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthathwa kwe-acrylamide ngokudla ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengokuphansi kakhulu kunamazinga asetshenziswa ezifundweni zezilwane abonisa imiphumela ye-carcinogenic. Uwonke umthelela we-acrylamide engcupheni yomdlavuza kubantu usaphenywa, futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kutholakale isixhumanisi esiqinisekisayo.

Acrylamide kanye Neurological Effects

Ucwaningo lwezilwane lubonise ukuthi imithamo ephezulu ye-acrylamide ingaba nemiphumela elimazayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukulimala kwezinzwa kanye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi imithamo enikezwa kulezi zifundo iphezulu kakhulu kunalokho abantu abavame ukuchayeka kukho ngokudla.

Nakuba imiphumela engaba khona yezinzwa ye-acrylamide yokudla kubantu ingakaqondwa ngokugcwele, kuyancomeka ukuba unciphise ukuthathwa kwe-acrylamide ngokulandela izincomo zokupheka nokukhetha ukudla okulinganiselayo okuhlanganisa ukudla okuhlukahlukene.

I-Acrylamide Ekudleni Okuncane Nezimpahla Ezibhakiwe

Ukudla okulula, okufana nama-chips amazambane, ama-crackers, namakhukhi, kuphakathi kwemithombo emikhulu ye-acrylamide ekudleni. Lokhu kudla kuvame ukucutshungulwa okubanzi nokupheka okunokushisa okuphezulu, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-acrylamide.

Ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kwe-acrylamide ekudleni okulula kanye nasezimpahleni ezibhakiwe, kutuswa ukuzisebenzisa ngokusesilinganisweni bese ukhetha ezinye izindlela ezinempilo uma kungenzeka. Ukukhetha ukudla okulula okuzenzela usebenzisa izithako zemvelo kunganikeza inketho enempilo nenamandla ephansi ye-acrylamide.

I-Acrylamide kumazambane kanye nemifino yezimpande

Amazambane nemifino yezimpande, uma ephekwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, angaba ne-acrylamide. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yamazambane athosiwe njengama-French fries nama-chips amazambane. Ukuze unciphise ukwakheka kwe-acrylamide, kunconywa ukuthi ulandele izinqubo ezifanele zokupheka, ezifana ne-blanching noma ukucwiliswa amazambane ngaphambi kokuthosa nokusebenzisa amazinga okushisa aphansi okupheka.

Ukwengeza, ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane anamazinga aphansi we-acrylamide precursors kungasiza ekunciphiseni okuqukethwe kwe-acrylamide kumazambane aphekiwe. Ukujabulela ukudla okulinganiselayo okuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zemifino nakho kubalulekile empilweni kanye nokudla okunempilo.

I-Acrylamide Ekudleni Okucutshunguliwe

Ukudla okugayiwe, okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu, ukudla okulula, nokudla okulula, kungaqukatha amazinga ahlukahlukene e-acrylamide. Le mikhiqizo ivamise ukubhekana nezinqubo zokupheka zezimboni ezingase zibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-acrylamide. Ukufunda amalebula okudla, ukukhetha imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-acrylamide, nokukhetha ukudla okuphelele, okungacutshungulwanga noma nini lapho kungenzeka kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuthathwa kwe-acrylamide.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba i-acrylamide idala izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona, into eyodwa kuphela okufanele icatshangelwe ekugcineni ukudla okunempilo nendlela yokuphila. Ukulinganisa ukudla okunomsoco, ukudla izinhlobonhlobo zokudla, nokwamukela eminye imikhuba enempilo kubalulekile enhlalakahleni yonke.

Isiphetho

I-Acrylamide, ikhemikhali eyakhiwe ngesikhathi kuphekwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ithole ukunakwa ngezingozi zayo zempilo ezingaba khona. Nakuba umthelela oqondile we-dietary acrylamide empilweni yabantu usacwaningwa, kubalulekile ukwazi imithombo yayo futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuba khona kwayo ekudleni.

Izinyathelo zokulawula neziqondiso sezisunguliwe ukuze kwehliswe amazinga e-acrylamide emikhiqizweni yokudla. Kokubili abakhiqizi bokudla nabathengi badlala indima ebalulekile ekwamukeleni izinqubo zokupheka ezinciphisa ukwakheka kwe-acrylamide. Ukwengeza, ukunaka ukudla okunothe nge-acrylamide, njengemikhiqizo yamazambane athosiwe kanye nezinto ezibhakiwe, kungasiza abantu ukuba benze izinqumo zokudla ezinolwazi.

Nakuba i-acrylamide iyisihloko esikhathazayo, kubalulekile ukugcina indlela elinganiselayo yokudla okunomsoco futhi ucabangele amaphethini okudla ewonke kunokugxila kuphela esakhiweni esisodwa. Ngokulandela izinqubo zokupheka ezinconyiwe, ukukhetha ukudla okuqaphelayo, nokwamukela ukudla okuhlukahlukene nokunokulinganisela, abantu bangafaka isandla enhlalakahleni yabo iyonke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)

1. Ingabe i-acrylamide iyingozi empilweni?

• I-Acrylamide ixhunyaniswe nobungozi bezempilo obungaba khona, kodwa umthelela wangempela empilweni yomuntu usaphenywa. Kuyancomeka ukuthi unciphise ukuchayeka ngokulandela izincomo zokupheka nokukhetha ukudla okulinganiselayo.

  
  

2. Ingabe i-acrylamide ingaqedwa ngokuphelele ekudleni?

• Ukuyiqeda ngokuphelele i-acrylamide ekudleni kuyinselele ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwemvelo phakathi nezinqubo zokupheka. Kodwa-ke, ukwamukela izindlela zokupheka ezifanele nokwenza ukukhetha ukudla okunolwazi kungasiza ekunciphiseni amazinga ako.

  
  

3. Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela eziphephile zokudla okunothe nge-acrylamide ?

• Yebo, zikhona ezinye izindlela zokudla okunothe nge-acrylamide. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokudla imikhiqizo yamazambane athosiwe, ungakhetha amazambane abilisiwe noma abilisiwe. Ukukhetha ukudla okuphelele nokudla okulula okuzenzela okwenziwe ngezithako zemvelo nakho kuyindlela enempilo.

  
  

4. Ingabe i-acrylamide idala ubungozi kuphela uma isetshenziswe ngobuningi ?

• Yize amazinga aphezulu e-acrylamide engase anyuse izingozi ezingaba khona, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ngisho nakumazinga aphansi. Ukulandela imihlahlandlela nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuthathwa kwe-acrylamide sekukonke.

  
  

5. Ngingalutholaphi ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-acrylamide nezingozi zayo ?

• Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe nolwakamuva lwe-acrylamide, ungabhekisela emithonjeni enedumela elihle njengama-ejensi alawulayo, amajenali esayensi, nezinhlangano zezempilo.