I-Naphthalene: i-naphthalene yezimboni kanye ne-naphthalene ecwengekile

Iyini i-naphthalene?

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana ne-naphthalene

Ifomula yamakhemikhali	C10H8
Isisindo samangqamuzana	128.174
I-CAS	91-20-3
EINECS	202-049-5

Izici zomzimba ze-naphthalene

Ukubukeka	I-crystalline powder engenambala/emhlophe
Ukuminyana	1.16 g/cm3
Iphoyinti lokuncibilika	80-82 ℃
Iphuzu elibilayo	217.9 ℃
I-Flash	78.9 ℃
Umfutho womhwamuko ogcwele	0.0131kPa (25℃)
Ukuncibilika	Ayincibiliki emanzini, incibilika ku-ethanol anhydrous, ether, benzene

Izici zamakhemikhali ze-naphthalene

1. Ukusabela kwe-oxidation ye-naphthalene

Ama-oxidant athambile akhiqiza ama-quinone kanye nama-oxidant aqinile akhiqiza ama-anhydride. I-Naphthalene i-oxidized kalula kunochungechunge oluseceleni, ngakho-ke i-side chain oxidation ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-naphthalene formic acid. Amaringi ane-high electron cloud cloud afakwa i-oxidized kalula. Isibonelo, i-alpha-nitronaphthalene i-oxidized ku-3-nitrophthalic anhydride, kanye ne-alpha-naphthalamine ibe i-phthalic anhydride (indandatho lapho iqembu le-amino i-oxidized).

2. Ukunciphisa ukusabela kwe-naphthalene (ukusabela okungeziwe)

I-Naphthalene ingezwa nge-hydrogen engu-5 ukuze yakhe i-decalin.

3. Electrophilic substitution reaction of naphthalene

Isizinda se-α-naphthalene sithambekele kakhulu ekushintsheni i-electrophilic kune-β-site. Womabili amafomula e-resonance anezindandatho ze-benzene eziphelele. Olunye kuphela uhlobo lwe-resonance lokushintshwa kwe-β -position eneringi ye-benzene ephelele.

Ukushintshaniswa kwe-electrophilic kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emasongweni e-naphthalene, njengamaringi e-benzene (okulula ukuwashintsha, okunzima ukuwangeza), kodwa kusebenza kakhulu kunamaringi e-benzene.

Izingozi ze-naphthalene

Ubuthi be-naphthalene

Indlela yokuhlasela : ukuhogela, ukumunca, ukumuncwa nge-percutaneous.

Izingozi zempilo

I-Naphthalene inomphumela ovuselelayo, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-hemolytic anemia nesibindi, ukulimala kwezinso. Kungaholela ku-anemia noma ukuncipha okukhulu kwenani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, i-hemoglobin namaseli egazi. I-Naphthalene ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zesikhumba kubantu abanesikhumba esibucayi.

Ubuthi obunamandla

Lapho uhogela ukugcwala okuphezulu komhwamuko we-naphthalene noma uthuli, ukucasuka kwamehlo nokuphefumula, ukungaboni kahle kwe-cornea, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa ukudla, i-lumbago, ukuchama njalo, amaprotheni namaseli abomvu namhlophe emchameni avela. I-optic neuritis kanye ne-retinitis kungenzeka futhi. I-encephalopathy enobuthi nokulimala kwesibindi kungenzeka ezimeni ezinzima. Ubuthi bomlomo ngokuvamile bubangela i-hemolysis, ukulimala kwesibindi nezinso, ngisho nokuhluleka okukhulu kwezinso kanye ne-necrosis yesibindi.

Ubuthi obungapheli

Ukuchayeka kaningi kumhwamuko we-naphthalene kungase kubangele ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza kanye nomonakalo ohlelweni lwegazi, kungabangela i-cataract, i-optic neuritis kanye ne-retinopathy. Ukuthinta isikhumba nge-naphthalene kungase kubangele i-dermatitis.

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nokuqhuma

I-Naphthalene iyasha lapho ihlangana nomlilo ovulekile nokushisa okuphezulu. Uma isha ikhipha intuthu eyingozi, ecasulayo. Ukuthintana nama-oxidant aqinile njenge-chromic anhydride, i-chlorate ne-potassium permanganate kungabangela ukusabela okunodlame, okuholela ekushisweni noma ekuqhumeni. I-Naphthalene powder ingakha ingxube eqhumayo nomoya, futhi lapho ifinyelela ekugxiliseni okuthile, izoqhuma lapho ithinta i-Mars.

Iyini i-naphthalene yezimboni?

Imikhiqizo ye-Naphthalene equkethe ngaphezu kwama-95% we-naphthalene ngokufakwa kwe-distillation ingabizwa ngokuthi i-naphthalene yezimboni. I-Industrial naphthalene iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile samakhemikhali aluhlaza, ikakhulukazi asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, i-naphthalene ecwengiwe, i-benzene anhydride, i-naphthalene phenol, i-naphthalene amine neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, iwukukhiqizwa kwe-synthetic fiber, i-synthetic resin, i-plasticizer, i-raber anti-aging agent, izinto zokudaya kanye ne-raw. I-naphthalene yezimboni iwumkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu ekucutshungulweni okujulile kwetiyela lamalahle, kanti ingxenye enkulu ye-naphthalene etiyela lamalahle elishisa kakhulu ibalelwa ku-10%.

I-naphthalene yezimboni kanye ne-naphthalene ecwengekile

Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-naphthalene kungatholakala ngemuva kokuhlanjululwa okwengeziwe kanye ne-desulfurization ye-naphthalene yezimboni.

Indlela yokwenza i-naphthalene ecwengekile

I-tar naphthalene

I-naphthalene yezimboni iqukethe ukungcola kwe-thiolindene (1-3%), i-methyl naphthalene (1-2%) kanye nenani elincane le-indene, i-tar-base ne-pyroic acid. Ngemuva kokuphinda kukhethwe kanye nokucwiliswa emanzini, i-naphthalene ecolisisiwe enokuqukethwe kwesibabule ngaphansi kuka-0.1% nendawo yokuqandisa engu-79℃ ingatholakala. Uma ukucwengwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe isibabule sibe ngaphansi kuka-0.05%, i-hydrorefining iyadingeka.

I-petroleum naphthalene

I-petroleum naphthalene itholakala ezingxenyeni ezisindayo ezinephunga elimnandi zokuguqulwa kwe-catalytic, ukuqhekeka kwe-catalytic kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-hydrocarbon. Okuqukethwe kwe-methyl naphthalene kuwoyela we-catalytic reforming cishe ku-55%. Okokuqala ngokukhipha kanye ne-adsorption, kusukela ku-distillate yempahla eluhlaza ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinhlobonhlobo ze-naphthalene homology, bese kusetshenziswa indlela ye-catalytic hydrogen dealkylation, ne-Cr2O3-al2o3 njenge-catalyst, ku-400-800 ℃ kanye no-0.5-7 mpa ngaphansi kwe-hydrogen demethylation reaction reaction, izinto zokusabela kwe-benzene yesigaba sokupholisa, ukususa imikhiqizo ye-benzene yesigaba sokukhanya, ukusabela kwe-benzene emikhiqizweni i-toluene, i-xylene, njll. Ekugcineni, imikhiqizo ye-petroleum naphthalene ingatholakala ngokuxutshwa okwengeziwe. Umkhiqizo wahlanzwa ngokumuncwa kwe-solvent nokugeza kwe-solvent, futhi ubumsulwa bawo bufinyelele ku-99.73%.

Isiphetho

I-naphthalene yezimboni iyisisetshenziswa samakhemikhali esiyisisekelo, futhi i-naphthalene ecwengisisiwe iwumkhiqizo ohlanziwe we-naphthalene yezimboni. I-naphthalene yezimboni inokusetshenziswa okuhlukile ku-naphthalene ecwengiwe. I-naphthalene yezimboni isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, i-ejenti yokusabalalisa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-resin yokwenziwa, i-plasticizer, i-agent anti-aging ejenti, i-surfactant, i-synthetic fiber, udayi, imithi nezinongo nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa. I-Naphthalene isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-fumigant kuma-insecticides (isb., ama-mothballs).

Izixhumanisi ezihlobene:

Iyini i-naphthalene ecwengiwe?

Thenga i-naphthalene ecwengisisiwe - Ikhasi lemininingwane yomkhiqizo.