Ra'ayoyi: 28 Mawallafi: Lokacin Buga Editan Yanar Gizo: 2022-07-05 Asalin: Shafin
| Tsarin sinadaran | C10H8 |
| Nauyin kwayoyin halitta | 128.174 |
| CAS | 91-20-3 |
| EINECS | 202-049-5 |
| Bayyanar | Foda mara launi/fari crystalline |
| Yawan yawa | 1.16 g/cm 3 |
| Wurin narkewa | 80-82 ℃ |
| Wurin tafasa | 217.9 ℃ |
| Filasha | 78.9 ℃ |
| Cikakken tururin matsa lamba | 0.0131kPa (25 ℃) |
| Solubility | Insoluble a cikin ruwa, mai narkewa a cikin anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene |
Ƙananan oxidants suna haifar da quinones kuma masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi suna haifar da anhydrides. Naphthalene ya fi sauƙi oxidized fiye da sarkar gefe, don haka ba za a iya amfani da oxidation na gefe don samar da naphthalene formic acid ba. Zaɓuɓɓukan da ke da babban ƙarfin girgije na lantarki suna da sauƙi oxidized. Alal misali, alpha-nitronaphthalene an oxidized zuwa 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, da kuma alpha-naphthalamine zuwa phthalic anhydride (zoben da amino kungiyar ke oxidized).
Ana iya ƙara Naphthalene tare da hydrogen 5 don samar da decalin.
Wurin α na naphthalene ya fi dacewa da maye gurbin electrophilic fiye da shafin β-site. Biyu na resonance dabara suna da cikakkun zoben benzene. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan resonance na maye gurbin β-matsayi yana da cikakkiyar zoben benzene.
Canjin wutar lantarki yakan faru ne akan zoben naphthalene, kamar yadda zoben benzene (mai sauƙin sauyawa, da wahalar ƙara), amma ya fi aiki fiye da zoben benzene.
Hanyar mamayewa : inhalation, ciki, sha ta percutaneous.
Hadarin lafiya
Naphthalene yana da tasiri mai ban sha'awa, babban taro na anemia na hemolytic da hanta, lalacewar koda. Zai iya haifar da anemia ko raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, haemoglobin da ƙwayoyin jini. Naphthalene na iya haifar da wasu matsalolin fata masu tsanani a cikin mutanen da ke da fata mai laushi.
M guba
Lokacin shakar babban taro na tururi na naphthalene ko kura, ido da hangula na numfashi, rashin daidaituwa na corneal, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, amai, asarar ci, lumbago, yawan fitsari, furotin da ja da fari a cikin fitsari suna bayyana. Na gani neuritis da retinitis kuma na iya faruwa. Encephalopathy mai guba da lalacewar hanta na iya faruwa a lokuta masu tsanani. Guba na baka yana haifar da hemolysis, lalacewar hanta da koda, har ma da gazawar koda da ciwon hanta.
Guba na yau da kullun
Maimaita bayyanar da tururi na naphthalene na iya haifar da ciwon kai, gajiya, tashin zuciya, amai da lalata tsarin jini, na iya haifar da cataract, neuritis na gani da retinopathy. Alamar fata tare da naphthalene na iya haifar da dermatitis.
Naphthalene yana ƙonewa lokacin da ya ci karo da bude wuta da zafi mai zafi. Idan ya kone, yana fitar da hayaki mai ban tsoro, mai ban haushi. Tuntuɓi masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi kamar chromic anhydride, chlorate da potassium permanganate na iya haifar da tashin hankali, haifar da konewa ko fashewa. Naphthalene foda zai iya haifar da wani abu mai fashewa tare da iska, kuma idan ya kai wani wuri, zai yi fashewa a kan hulɗa da Mars.
Ana iya kiran samfuran naphthalene waɗanda ke ɗauke da fiye da 95% na naphthalene ta hanyar distillation a matsayin naphthalene masana'antu. Industrial naphthalene ne mai muhimmanci asali sinadaran albarkatun kasa, yafi amfani a samar da ruwa rage wakili, mai ladabi naphthalene, benzene anhydride, naphthalene phenol, naphthalene amine da sauran sinadaran kayayyakin, shi ne samar da roba fiber, roba guduro, plasticizer, roba antiaging wakili, rini tsaka-tsaki, magungunan kashe qwari da magani albarkatun kasa. Naphthalene masana'antu wani samfuri ne mai mahimmanci a cikin zurfin sarrafa kwal ɗin kwal, kuma yawan juzu'in naphthalene a cikin yanayin zafin kwal ɗin ya kai kusan 10%.
High tsarki naphthalene za a iya samu bayan kara tsarkakewa da desulfurization na masana'antu naphthalene.
Naphthalene masana'antu ya ƙunshi ƙazanta thiolindene (1-3%), methyl naphthalene (1-2%) da ƙaramin adadin indene, tar-base da pyroic acid. Bayan kara pickling da distillation, mai ladabi naphthalene tare da sulfur abun ciki kasa da 0.1% da kuma daskarewa batu na 79 ℃ za a iya samu. Idan ana buƙatar ƙarin tsaftacewa don rage abun ciki na sulfur zuwa ƙasa da 0.05%, ana buƙatar hydrorefining.
Naphthalene man fetur an samo shi daga abubuwa masu kamshi masu nauyi na gyaran fuska, fashewar kuzari da fashewar hydrocarbon. Abubuwan da ke cikin methyl naphthalene a cikin man gyaran fuska na catalytic kusan 55%. Na farko ta hanyar hakar da kuma adsorption, daga albarkatun kasa distillate don raba iri-iri na naphthalene homology, sa'an nan ta amfani da catalytic hydrogen dealkylation Hanyar, tare da Cr2O3-al2o3 a matsayin mai kara kuzari, a 400-800 ℃ da 0.5-7 mpa karkashin da distillation dauki, dauki kayayyakin bayan sanyaya gas lokaci, hydrogen demethylation da dai sauransu A ƙarshe, ana iya samun samfuran naphthalene mai ta hanyar ƙarin distillation. An tsarkake samfurin ta hanyar shayar da ƙarfi da kuma wanke-wanke, kuma tsarkinsa ya kai 99.73%.
Naphthalene masana'antu shine tushen sinadari na ɗanyen abu, kuma ingantaccen naphthalene shine samfurin naphthalene mai tsabta na masana'antu. Naphthalene masana'antu yana da amfani daban-daban daga naphthalene mai ladabi. Ana amfani da naphthalene masana'antu galibi a cikin samar da wakili na rage ruwa, wakili mai yaduwa, shine samar da guduro na roba, filastik, wakili na rigakafin tsufa, surfactant, fiber na roba, rini, magani da kayan yaji da sauran kayan albarkatu. Ana amfani da Naphthalene da farko azaman fumigant a cikin maganin kwari (misali, mothballs).
Hanyoyin haɗi:
Mene ne mai ladabi naphthalene?
Sayi mai ladabi naphthalene - Shafin cikakkun bayanai na samfur.
