Ukubuka: 13 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-04-16 Umsuka: Isayithi
I-Benzoic acid iyinhlanganisela ephilayo enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C8H7O2, esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Emkhakheni wezimboni, i-benzoic acid isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza i-phenol, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza efana nepulasitiki, ama-resin, imithi, nodayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzoic acid nayo isetshenziswa njengesivikelo futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile embonini yokudla neziphuzo, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni ye-acidic. Ingaguqulwa ibe i-benzoic acid esebenzayo, isebenzisa imiphumela elwa namagciwane kanye ne-bactericidal. I-Benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo, njenge-sodium benzoate, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezibanzi ze-antimicrobial, ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwe-pH 4.5, ngaleyo ndlela andise impilo yeshalofu yokudla.
Ezidingweni zansuku zonke, i-ethyl benzoate, njengesithako esivame ukusetshenziswa essence yokudla, inikeza ukunambitheka kwezithelo nezimbali, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuxuba okunye ukunambitheka, okufana nama-sweet and herbal flavour. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesithelo essence. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzoic acid iphinde isetshenziswe njengesisetshenziswa sokubona ukuze kutholwe ama-ion ensimbi afana ne-manganese, i-mercury, i-nickel, kanye nezinto ezifana ne-nitrate ne-nitrite, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo nasekuhloleni ukuphepha kokudla.
Sengiphetha, i-benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kanye nempilo yansuku zonke, hhayi kuphela ekuhlanganisweni kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, kodwa nasekugcinweni kokudla, ukulungiswa kwe-essence, ukuqapha imvelo kanye neminye imikhakha.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali: Kusakhiwo samangqamuzana e-benzoic acid, iqembu le-carboxyl lixhunywe ngokuqondile ku-athomu yekhabhoni yeringi ye-benzene, lakha isakhiwo se-C6H5COOH. I-athomu ye-hydrogen eringini ye-benzene ithathelwa indawo iqembu le-carboxyl.
Iphuzu elincibilikayo: Indawo encibilikayo ye-benzoic acid ngu-121-125 ° C.
Indawo yokubilisa: Iphuzu elibilayo lingu-249 ° C.
Ukuminyana: Ukuminyana okuhlobene cishe ku-1.2659 (15/4 ℃).
Ukunyibilika: I-Benzoic acid incibilika kancane emanzini abandayo ne-hexane, kodwa incibilika kuzincibilikisi zemvelo ezifana namanzi ashisayo, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, ne-benzene.
Ukubukeka: I-Benzoic acid ivamise ukubonakala njengamakristalu amise yenaliti emhlophe noma njenge-flake, enephunga elifana ne-benzene noma i-formaldehyde.
I-Sublimation: Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-100 ℃, i-benzoic acid izoba ngaphansi futhi ingahwamuka ngomhwamuko wamanzi.
Izingozi zempilo: Umhwamuko we-Benzoic acid ungacasula umgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu, amehlo, nesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, akukho ukulimala okuphawulekayo okuvela ekuvezweni, kodwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside noma okubanzi kufanele kugwenywe.
Ukuvikela ukuphepha: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinto zokuvikela ezifanele kufanele zigqokwe, njengamagilavu amelana namakhemikhali, izibuko ezivikelayo noma izihlangu zobuso, kanye nezingubo zokusebenza ezimelana ne-asidi ne-alkali.
Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala: Uma kwenzeka uthinta isikhumba, hlambulula ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi agezayo; Lapho uthintana namehlo, amajwabu amehlo angaphezulu naphansi kufanele avulwe, ahlanjululwe ngamanzi agelezayo noma usawoti womzimba, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kufanele kufunwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma uphefumula, kufanele udluliselwe ngokushesha endaweni enomoya omusha futhi umgudu wokuphefumula kufanele ugcinwe ungavinjelwe; Ngemva kokuphuza, geza umlomo wakho, uphuze ubisi noma amaqanda amhlophe, futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.
Ukusabela okuphuthumayo kokuvuza: Indawo engcolile kufanele ibe yodwa, umthombo womlilo kufanele unqanyulwe, futhi okuvuzayo kufanele kuqoqwe ngefosholo elihlanzekile, kubekwe esitsheni esomile, esihlanzekile nesimboziwe, bese siyiswa endaweni yokulahla imfucuza.
Ukulahlwa kukadoti: Imfucuza kufanele ilahlwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho kazwelonke neyendawo efanele, futhi kuvame ukutuswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe indlela yokushiswa ukuze kulahlwe.
I-Benzoic acid kanye nosawoti wayo we-sodium (i-sodium benzoate) yizivimbelakuvunda ezivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yokudla, ezingavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwama-microorganisms afana namagciwane, isikhunta, nemvubelo.
Ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokulwa namagciwane ezibanzi, i-benzoic acid yengezwa ekudleni naseziphuzweni ezahlukahlukene, njengeziphuzo ezine-carbonated, amajusi wezithelo, ujamu, isoso yesoya, ukudla okufakwe emanzini anosawoti, njll., ukuze kugcinwe ubusha nokunambitheka kwemikhiqizo.
I-Benzoic acid ibambezela izinga lokubola nokubola kokudla ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-microbial ekudleni, ngokuphumelelayo inwebe isikhathi seshelufu sokudla.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ze-pH (imvamisa ephakathi kuka-2.5 no-4.5), i-benzoic acid inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokunqanda ukugqwala, onganciphisa kakhulu inani lama-microorganisms ekudleni futhi unciphise ingozi yokonakaliswa kokudla.
Ngokuvimbela ukukhula kwama-microorganisms ayingozi, i-benzoic acid isiza ukuvimbela izifo ezitholakala ekudleni futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha kokudla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-benzoic acid kulawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukungezwa kwayo ekudleni akunayo imiphumela emibi empilweni yabathengi.
Ukuphepha kwe-benzoic acid kuye kwaqashelwa ama-ejensi alawula ukuphepha kokudla emazweni nasezifundeni eziningi, njenge-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kanye ne-European Food Safety Agency (EFSA), bonke abakholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-benzoic acid ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ebekiwe kuphephile.
I-Benzoic acid iyimpahla eluhlaza ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) njenge-aspirin (i-acetylsalicylic acid). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzoic acid iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo zezidakamizwa, njengezidakamizwa ze-antifungal kanye nezibulala-zinzwa zendawo.
I-Benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo kunezindawo zokulwa nesikhunta futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo zesikhunta zesikhumba njenge-tinea corporis, tinea manus, ne-tinea pedis. I-Benzoic acid ingabuye ihlanganiswe ne-salicylic acid yakhe i-benzoic acid salicylic acid ointment, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zesikhunta sesikhumba sabantu abadala.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwezibulali-zinzwa zendawo, i-benzoic acid ingasebenza njengesandulela sokwenziwa kwezinzwa ezithile zendawo. Isibonelo, i-Benzocaine iyi-anesthetic yomlomo evame ukusetshenziswa equkethe okuphuma ku-benzoic acid ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Adjuvant kanye nokwakhiwa kwezidakamizwa:
I-Benzoic acid nayo inezicelo ekwelashweni kwe-adjuvant, isibonelo, ingasetshenziswa njengesengezo ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa ezithile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwezidakamizwa noma ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzoic acid ingasebenza futhi njenge-solubilizer noma i-stabilizer yezidakamizwa, ithuthukise i-bioavailability nokusebenza kwayo.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuyisici esibalulekile esiqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-benzoic acid. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bamakhemikhali, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-benzoic acid nabo buthuthuka njalo. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusebenzayo nobunobungani bemvelo buzoba isiqondiso esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwemboni ye-benzoic acid. Isibonelo, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences i-Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry ifunda izindlela ezivumelana nemvelo zokulungiselela i-benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo, okuzosiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-benzoic acid emikhakheni efana nemithi, ukudla, nezimonyo kuzoqhubeka kwanda. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe ezisafufusa, imboni ye-benzoic acid kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke yandise izindawo zayo ezisetshenziswayo, njengezimonyo, izithasiselo zokudla, ezemithi, neminye imikhakha, ezoqhubeka nokukhula.
Ukuqiniswa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo kuzokhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi agxile ekukhiqizeni okuluhlaza kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo. Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-benzoic acid kudingeka kuhambisane nezindinganiso zemvelo futhi kunciphise umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile. Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwezimboni lwemboni ye-sodium benzoate ikakhulukazi lubandakanya izici ezimbili: izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhuphuka nomfula kanye nezicelo eziwela phansi. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nempilo nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo.
Ukuphepha kwe-benzoic acid nakho kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo. Nakuba i-benzoic acid ibhekwa njengesengezo sokudla esiphephile, uma umzimba womuntu udla inani elikhulu lokudla okune-benzoic acid noma izinsalela ze-sodium benzoate ezeqa izinga isikhathi eside, kungase kubangele ubuthi bokunqwabelana kwesibindi futhi kubeke engozini impilo yesibindi. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi adinga ukulandela ngokuqinile imithetho nezindinganiso ezifanele lapho ekhiqiza futhi esebenzisa i-benzoic acid ukuze aqinisekise impilo nokuphepha kwabathengi.
Embonini yokudla, i-benzoic acid isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesivikelo, inweba ngempumelelo impilo yeshalofu lokudla futhi igcine ubusha bakho. Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, i-benzoic acid ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinzwa zendawo kanye nezidakamizwa ze-antifungal, kube negalelo elikhulu empilweni yabantu.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe be-benzoic acid kuqhubekela phambili, futhi izinselelo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nempilo nazo ziqhubekisele phambili ukusungulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences i-Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry ifunda izindlela ezivumelana nemvelo zokulungiselela i-benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo.
Kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe ye-benzoic acid igcine ukukhula okuqinile, futhi ukuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoba amandla amakhulu okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi. Ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kanye nemali engenayo ye-benzoic acid kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula, ikakhulukazi ekudleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemithi.
Ngokukhula kokukhathazeka kwabathengi ngokuphepha kokudla kanye nempilo, ukukhiqizwa nokusetyenziswa kwe-benzoic acid kuzonaka kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kanye nokuqinisa ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kanye nokulawulwa kwe-benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo.
Imboni ye-benzoic acid e-China inendawo enkulu yokwenza ngcono. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buzokwenza izinga eliphezulu, futhi amathemba entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ayathembisa kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwenyuka kwenani elimaphakathi lenyanga le-benzoic acid emakethe yaseShayina nakho kukhombisa ukukhula kwesidingo semakethe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha.
