Morpholine

Morpholine is a versatile organic heterocyclic compound featuring both amine and ether functional groups. It appears as a colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a characteristic weak ammonia-like or fish-like odor. As a secondary amine, morpholine exhibits basic properties (pKa of conjugate acid ~8.49) and is fully miscible with water and most common organic solvents, making it an excellent solvent and chemical intermediate in various industrial applications.

Technical Specifications

Packaging and Storage

• Net weight 200kgs plastic drums, 16 MT/FCL with pallets.

• Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from ignition sources and strong oxidizers.

Key Properties of Morpholine

• Chemical Structure: Six-membered ring containing oxygen and nitrogen atoms (O(CH₂CH₂)₂NH).

• Reactivity: Behaves as a secondary amine; forms salts with acids (e.g., morpholinium chloride with HCl). Less nucleophilic than similar amines like piperidine due to electron-withdrawing ether oxygen.

• Solubility: Miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and many organic solvents; slightly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons.

• Volatility: Similar to water, allowing even distribution in steam and water phases.

• Stability: Stable under normal conditions but decomposes slowly at high temperatures without oxygen.

Primary Applications of Morpholine

Corrosion Inhibition:

Widely used in steam systems of fossil fuel and nuclear power plants for pH adjustment and corrosion protection. Added in ppm concentrations, often combined with hydrazine or ammonia for all-volatile treatment.

Rubber Chemicals:

Primary intermediate for delayed-action accelerators (e.g., in vulcanization processes) and other rubber additives.

Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals:

Building block in synthesis of active ingredients, including antibiotics, anticancer drugs, analgesics, bactericides, fungicides, and herbicides.

Solvent:

Effective polar solvent for resins, waxes, casein, dyes, and chemical reactions; used in organic synthesis to generate enamines.

Optical Brighteners and Textiles:

Intermediate for fluorescent whitening agents and adjuvants.

Other Uses:

Antioxidant, emulsifier, wax/polish component, and separating agent in oil processing.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is Morpholine used for?

A: Morpholine is primarily used as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water systems, an intermediate in rubber accelerators and pharmaceuticals, and a solvent in chemical reactions.

Q: Is Morpholine flammable?

A: Yes, it is a flammable liquid with a flash point of approximately 35°C. Keep away from open flames and sparks.

Q: How should Morpholine be stored?

A: Store in a cool, ventilated area in tightly sealed containers, away from oxidizers and acids. Avoid metal containers if possible to prevent reactions.

Q: Is Morpholine corrosive?

A: Yes, it is highly corrosive to skin and eyes. Always use appropriate PPE and handle with care.

Q: Can Morpholine be used in pharmaceutical synthesis?

A: Yes, it serves as a key building block for various drugs, including antibiotics and anticancer agents.

Q: What are the environmental considerations for Morpholine?

A: Morpholine is biodegradable but should not be released into the environment. Follow proper disposal protocols to avoid water contamination.

Q: How does Morpholine work as a pH adjuster in steam systems?

A: Its volatility matches water, allowing uniform distribution in steam and condensate phases to neutralize acids and prevent corrosion.

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