Ukubuka: 10 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-04-11 Umsuka: Isayithi
Ukuhlanzwa kwemvelo
Emkhakheni wokuhlanza imvelo, i-potassium permanganate, njenge-oxidant enamandla, ingasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola okuphilayo emanzini futhi inciphise isidingo se-oksijini ye-biochemical (BOD) emanzini. Ingakwazi ukufaka izinto ezinobuthi emanzini, njenge-hydrogen sulfide nezinhlanganisela ze-phenolic, ukuhlanza ikhwalithi yamanzi nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium permanganate iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, ukusiza ukususa ukungcola okunzima ukuwohloka kwe-biodegrade nokunciphisa umthwalo endaweni ezungezile.
Ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokuvalwa inzalo
Ngokuphathelene nokubulala amagciwane kanye nokuvala inzalo, i-potassium permanganate nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ingabulala amagciwane ahlukahlukene njengamagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, nolwelwe, ngakho idlala indima ebalulekile ekubulaweni amagciwane ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, ekuhlanzekeni kwezindlu, ekugcinweni kwenhlanzeko ezindaweni zomphakathi, kanye nasembonini yokucubungula ukudla. Umphumela wokubulala amagciwane we-potassium permanganate awugcini nje kuphela emanzini, kodwa ungasetshenziswa futhi ekubulaleni amagciwane esikhumbeni namanxeba, kanye nokwelapha inzalo kwemishini nezindawo.
Ukuhlanzwa kwemvelo kanye nokubulala amagciwane kanye namandla okubulala inzalo e-potassium permanganate ayenza ibe yikhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu kule mikhakha. Akusizi nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezempilo yomphakathi, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omuhle ekugcineni ibhalansi yemvelo kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme. Ngokunaka okwandayo komhlaba wonke ekuvikelweni kwemvelo nasekuvimbeleni izifo, i-potassium permanganate izoqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuhlanzeni imvelo esikhathini esizayo, umsebenzi wokubulala amagciwane, kanye nomsebenzi wokubulala inzalo.
Ifomula yamakhemikhali ye-potassium permanganate ngu-KMnO43. Kuyikristalu elimnyama onsomi nelincane elicwebezelayo noma inhlayiyana enezinto ezincibilikayo emanzini. Mayelana nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo, i-potassium permanganate inesisindo se-molecule engu-158.034, indawo yokuncibilika engu-240 ° C, kanye nokuminyana cishe ku-2.7g/cm31. Ukuncibilika kwamanzi kwe-potassium permanganate ku-20 ° C ngu-6.4g/100mL1.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-potanganum permanganate yikhono layo eliqinile le-oxidizing. I-Potassium permanganate ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-oxidant kuma-laboratories nasezimbonini. Kumithombo ye-acidic, ibola kancane ibe yi-manganese dioxide, usawoti we-potassium, nomoya-mpilo, futhi ukukhanya kuba nomthelela kulokhu kubola. Izakhiwo eziqinile ze-oxidizing ye-potassium permanganate ziyenza ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuhlanzeni imvelo, ekubulaleni amagciwane, nasekuvaleni inzalo. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziswa ekulungiseni inhlabathi endaweni, ukususa ukungcola okufana ne-trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, ne-dichlorethylene (DCE) emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potanganum permanganate inamandla amakhulu okukhipha i-oxidation ekungcoleni kwemvelo ngaphakathi kwebanga le-pH lokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwamanzi. Umkhiqizo wawo wokunciphisa awuncibiliki futhi unobungani bemvelo i-manganese dioxide (MnO2), okulula ukuyihlukanisa nesixazululo. Ingase futhi isuswe ngokuhlanganyela ekungcoleni nge-adsorption, i-oxidation, usizo lokuhlangana, nezinye izindlela.
Impahla eqinile ye-oxidizing ye-potassium permanganate nayo iyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi njengesibulala-magciwane nesibulala-magciwane emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ingabulala amagciwane ahlukahlukene njengamagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, nolwelwe, ngakho idlala indima ebalulekile ekubulaweni amagciwane ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, ekuhlanzekeni kwezindlu, ekugcinweni kwenhlanzeko ezindaweni zomphakathi, kanye nasembonini yokucubungula ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium permanganate ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlanza amanxeba, izilonda, noma amathumba, kanye njengendawo yokugqoka emanzi noma yenziwe isixazululo esithile sokuhlushwa ukwelapha i-eczema kanye nezifo zesikhumba ezinzima.
Emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi, i-potassium permanganate, njenge-oxidant enamandla, ingasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola okuphilayo emanzini futhi inciphise isidingo se-oksijini ye-biochemical (BOD) emanzini. Ingakwazi ukufaka izinto ezinobuthi emanzini, njenge-hydrogen sulfide nezinhlanganisela ze-phenolic, ukuhlanza ikhwalithi yamanzi nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium permanganate iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, ukusiza ukususa ukungcola okunzima ukuwohloka kwe-biodegrade nokunciphisa umthwalo endaweni ezungezile. Enqubweni yokwelashwa kwamanzi, umkhiqizo wokunciphisa we-potassium permanganate, i-manganese dioxide (MnO2), ungenza imvula futhi isuswe emanzini ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezibonakalayo ezifana nokuhlunga, ukuhlanza ikhwalithi yamanzi.
I-Potassium permanganate ayisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni umoya njengasekwelashweni kwamanzi, kodwa isengasetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola emoyeni ezimeni ezithile ezithile. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisana namagesi e-exhaust aqukethe i-volatile organic compounds (VOCs), i-potassium permanganate ingasebenza njenge-oxidant ukuze ibambe iqhaza ezinqubweni ezithuthukisiwe ze-oxidation, iguqule la magesi ayingozi abe izinto ezingenabungozi noma ezinobuthi obuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium permanganate ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokuvalwa inzalo, ukusiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-microbial emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nasezindaweni zomphakathi.
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, i-potassium permanganate isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesibulala-magciwane ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziqinile ze-oxidizing. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlanza izilonda, izilonda, amathumba, kanye nokubopha okumanzi noma ukulungisa izixazululo zokugxila okuthile ukwelapha i-eczema kanye nezifo zesikhumba ezibukhali3. I-Potassium permanganate ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwelapheni ukugezwa kwesisu kanye nokwelashwa okuphuthumayo kokulunywa yinyoka uma ifakwe ubuthi bomlomo, i-brucine, noma ubuthi bemvelo. E-disinfection yezokwelapha, ukugxila okuhlukene kwe-potassium permanganate kunemiphumela ehlukene. Isibonelo, isixazululo esingu-0.1% -0.5% singasetshenziswa ukugeza izilonda ezithelelekile, kuyilapho isixazululo esingu-0.01% -0.02% singasetshenziswa ekubulaweni kwe-ophthalmic.
I-Potassium permanganate iphinde ibe isibulala-magciwane esisebenzayo kuzo zombili izindlu nasezindaweni zomphakathi. Isibonelo, ekubulaweni kwamagciwane nsuku zonke ezindaweni zomphakathi, i-potassium permanganate ingasetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane ebusweni bezinto zemvelo, njengendawo ephansi, izindonga eziseceleni, nezindawo ezisetshenziswa njalo noma ezithintwayo. Isixazululo se-chlorine (bromine) sokubulala amagciwane esinokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine (bromine) esebenzayo engu-500mg/L-1000mg/L singasetshenziswa ukusula noma ukufafaza isibulala-magciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potanganum permanganate ingasetshenziswa futhi ekubulaleni amagciwane emoyeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zeminyango namafasitela avaliwe, akekho noyedwa futhi ongenawo umoya, i-aerosol spray disinfection yenziwa ngesisombululo se-chlorine (bromine) esibulala amagciwane esinokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine (bromine) okusebenzayo okungu-1000mg/L-2000mg/L.
Lapho usebenzisa i-potanganum permanganate yokubulala amagciwane, kufanele kuqashelwe ekugxiliseni kwayo kanye nesikhathi sokwenza okuthile ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala esikhunjeni nasezintanjeni zamafinyila. Isixazululo samanzi se-potassium permanganate sijwayele ukonakala futhi sidinga ukulungiswa futhi sisetshenziswe endaweni
Ekwelapheni kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, i-potanganum permanganate ingasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola kwe-organic. Isibonelo, lapho ukwelapha amanzi angcolile aqukethe izinto eziphilayo okunzima ukuzisebenzisa i-biodegrade, i-potassium permanganate ingasebenza njenge-oxidant, iphazamise ukwakheka kwe-organic matter ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation yayo, iyenze ibole kalula izinqubo zokwelashwa ezilandelayo ze-biological. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo wokunciphisa we-potassium permanganate, i-manganese dioxide (i-MnO2), ayincibiliki futhi ingahlukaniswa namanzi angcolile ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezibonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthwalo ongcolile emanzini angcolile.
Ukubulala amagciwane kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunqamula umzila wokudlulisela ukutheleleka ekulawuleni ubhubhane. I-Potassium permanganate ingasetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane nsuku zonke ezindaweni zomphakathi, njengokubulala amagciwane emhlabathini, izindonga eziseceleni, kanye nezindawo ezisetshenziswa njalo noma ezithintwayo. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-coronavirus yenoveli, isisombululo se-potassium permanganate sasetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane ebusweni bezinto zemvelo. Isixazululo se-chlorine (i-bromine) yesibulala-magciwane esinokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine (bromine) esebenzayo engu-500mg/L-1000mg/L sasetshenziselwa ukusula noma ukufafaza ukuze kubulawe amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-potassium permanganate ayikwazi ukubulala i-coronavirus yenoveli. Ngakho-ke, u-75% we-alcohol, i-chlorine equkethe isibulala-magciwane kanye nezinye izibulala-magciwane ezisebenzayo ziyanconywa ukuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane.
Lapho usebenzisa i-potanganum permanganate yokubulala amagciwane, kufanele kuqashelwe ekugxiliseni kwayo kanye nesikhathi sokwenza okuthile ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala esikhunjeni nasezintanjeni zamafinyila. Isixazululo samanzi se-potassium permanganate sivame ukonakala futhi sidinga ukulungiswa futhi sisetshenziswe ngokushesha. Uma isetshenziswa ekhaya, ukuhlushwa okudingekayo kufanele kuhlelwe ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo, futhi ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukuze kungadluli ukuhlushwa okunconywayo ukuvimbela ukushiswa kwesikhumba. Uma isetshenziswa ezindaweni zomphakathi, abasebenzi abangochwepheshe kufanele balandele imihlahlandlela yokusebenza efanele ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kokubulala amagciwane kanye nokuphepha kwabasebenzi.
Isivikelo somuntu siqu: Abasebenzisi kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa izingubo zokuvikela ezinqanda ukuphuma, amabhuzu okuzivikela, amagilavu avimbela ukuvuleka, kanye nezibuko, ukuvimbela i-potassium permanganate ukuthi ingathintani nesikhumba namehlo.
Gwema ukuhogela: Ukungena komoya okuhle kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuhogela uthuli lwe-potassium permanganate noma ama-aerosol.
Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala: Uma kwenzeka uthintana ngengozi, izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuxhumana kwesikhumba, hlambulula ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu engu-15; Ngemuva kokuthintana kwamehlo, hlambulula ngokushesha ngamanzi agelezayo noma usawoti womzimba okungenani imizuzu eyi-15; Lapho uhogela, isiguli kufanele sithuthelwe ngokushesha emoyeni omusha futhi sinikezwe ukuphefumula okwenziwa.
Izimo zokugcina: I-Potassium permanganate kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile, engenamoya kahle, kude nomlilo nemithombo yokushisa, enezinga lokushisa elingeqile ku-32 ℃ kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongeqile ku-80%.
Izidingo zokupakisha: Isitsha se-potassium permanganate kufanele sigcinwe sivalwe ukuze kuvinjwe umswakama ukuthi ungangeni, okubangela ukuthi umunce umswakama futhi ubole.
Gwema ukuxuba: Lapho ugcina futhi uphatha i-potassium permanganate, gwema ukuxubana nezinto ezinciphisayo, izimpushana zensimbi ezisebenzayo, izinto ezivuthayo noma ezivuthayo, njll. ukuze uvimbele ukusabela okunodlame.
Ukwelashwa kukadoti: Isixazululo se-potassium permanganate esisele nesingasetshenziswa kabusha kufanele sinikezwe inkampani yokwelapha echwepheshile noma ishiswe endaweni yokushisela amakhemikhali efakwe i-afterburner nezinto zokukhuhla.
Ukusabela kwezimo eziphuthumayo zokuvuza: Uma kwenzeka kuvuza, indawo engcolile kufanele ibekwe yodwa ngokushesha, ukungena nokuphuma kwabasebenzi kufanele kuvinjelwe, futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifanele. Ukuvuza okuncane kungaqoqwa ngokuxuba isihlabathi, umcako owomile, noma umlotha wesoda, kuyilapho ukuvuza okukhulu kufanele kuqoqwe futhi kugaywe kabusha noma kuyiswe ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza ukuze kulahlwe.
Inani le-potassium permanganate ekuhlanzweni kwemvelo nasekubulaweni amagciwane libonakala ekusebenzisaneni kwayo ngezindlela eziningi nempumelelo njengesithako esinamandla. Mayelana nokuhlanzwa kwemvelo, i-potassium permanganate ingasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola okuphilayo emanzini futhi yehlise isidingo se-biochemical oxygen (BOD) emanzini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunciphisa umkhiqizo wayo we-manganese dioxide (MnO2) kulula ukuhlukanisa nesisombululo, okusiza ukuqhubeka nokuhlanza ikhwalithi yamanzi. Mayelana nokubulala amagciwane kanye nokuvala inzalo, i-potassium permanganate ingabulala amagciwane ahlukahlukene afana namagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, nolwelwe. Ilungele ukubulala amagciwane ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, inhlanzeko yasekhaya, ukugcinwa kwenhlanzeko ezindaweni zomphakathi, kanye nemboni yokucubungula ukudla.
Uma sibheka phambili entuthukweni yesikhathi esizayo, ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate emikhakheni yokuhlanza imvelo kanye nokubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala inzalo kungase kwandiswe nakakhulu. Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoqhubeza ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle nokuphepha ekusetshenzisweni kwe-potassium permanganate, njengokwenza amafomula amasha noma izinqubo zokunciphisa umthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo ezintweni ezithile. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yezemvelo kungase kukhuthaze ukulawulwa okuqinile komthelela kwezemvelo ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa i-potassium permanganate, kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izindlela ezingezona imvelo noma kuthuthukiswe izinqubo ezikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yokubulala amagciwane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate empilweni yomphakathi nasekuvimbeleni izifo kuzoqhubeka nokunakwa, ikakhulukazi lapho kubhekene nezinselelo zempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele njenge-coronavirus yenoveli. Ngokuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthobela imithetho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate kuzoba yimpumelelo, kuphephe, futhi kungabi nemvelo, kube negalelo elikhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo nempilo yabantu.
