Ukubuka: 44 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-04-10 Umsuka: Isayithi
Ama-Pigments and Coatings: I-Ferrous oxide, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-iron red, ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-pigment ngenxa yombala wayo onsundu ngokubomvu futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezinjengopende, uyinki, nenjoloba. Ama-pigments e-iron oxide anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezimbotsheni zezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezakhiweni zezakhiwo, okokuvikela ukubola, nezinye izinkambu ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwazo okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, nokumuncwa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Izinto zikaZibuthe: I-Fe3O4 inozibuthe omuhle futhi iyingxenye eyinhloko ye-magnetite ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni amakhasethi alalelwayo, amavidiyo kanye nemishini yezokuxhumana. I-soft magnetic ferrite nayo isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni efana nokuxhumana ngomsakazo, ukusakaza nomabonakude, nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo.
I-Catalyst: Izinhlayiya ze-α-Fe2O3 zempuphu, ngenxa yendawo yazo enkulu ethile kanye nomphumela ongaphezulu, zingama-catalyst amahle kakhulu angasetshenziswa ezinqubweni ze-catalytic ze-polymer oxidation, ukunciphisa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa.
Ukuhlanzwa kwemvelo: I-Nanoscale iron oxide inomphumela omuhle wokukhangisa ezintweni ezingcolisayo endaweni ezungezile, njenge-Cr (VI), futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emvelo.
Inkambu ye-Biomedical: I-Nano iron oxide idlala indima ebalulekile kuma-capsules emithi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa, ubuchwepheshe be-biomedical, neminye imikhakha.
Umbala wengilazi: Ingilazi enombala one-iron oxide ingamunca yomibili imisebe ye-ultraviolet ne-infrared, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ingilazi emunca ukushisa, ingilazi yelanga, njll.
I-Ferrous oxide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-iron monoxide, iyimpushana emnyama engazinzile futhi ekhishwa kalula ibe yi-ferric oxide emoyeni.
I-iron trioxide: evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-iron red, iyimpushana ensundu ngokubomvu engancibiliki emanzini. Ingasabela nge-acids yakhe usawoti we-iron kanye namanzi amancane, futhi inezakhiwo ze-alkaline oxide.
I-iron trioxide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-iron oxide emnyama, iyikristalu kazibuthe emnyama engancibiliki emanzini, i-asidi, i-alkali, nezincibilikisi eziphilayo njenge-ethanol ne-ether.
I-Ferrous oxide: Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ziyimpushana emnyama enobuningi obuhlobene obungaba ngu-5.7, encibilika ngama-asidi, ayincibiliki emanzini nasezixazululweni ze-alkaline.
I-iron trioxide: Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ziyimpushana ensundu ngokubomvu, enokuminyana okuhlobene okungaba ngu-5.24 kanye nendawo yokuncibilika engu-1565 ℃. Ayincibiliki emanzini futhi iyancibilika kuma-acids afana ne-hydrochloric acid ne-sulfuric acid.
I-iron trioxide: Ikristalu emnyama enokuqina okuhlobene okungaba ngu-5.18 kanye nendawo yokuncibilika engu-1594.5 ℃. Ithambekele ekubeni ne-oxidation ibe yi-iron trioxide emoyeni oswakeme.
Embonini yezokwakha, izingulube ze-iron oxide zisetshenziswe kakhulu ekubaleni kwezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu kombala, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet nokuvikela i-substrate ekuwohlokeni. I-iron oxide pigments, ikakhulukazi i-iron oxide ebomvu, ivame ukusetshenziswa njengemibala yezinto zokwakha ezifana usimende, amathayela aphansi, ne-terrazzo. Umbala wazo ozinzile namandla okusibekela kahle kwenza izakhiwo zibonakale zibukeka kahle kakhulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-iron oxide pigments nayo inomphumela othile wokuzivikela, ongandisa ngokuphumelelayo impilo yesevisi yezakhiwo.
Mayelana nokuqiniswa nokuvimbela ukugqwala kukakhonkolo, uhlobo lokuhlanganisa lokuhlanganisa izinto ezivikelayo zikakhonkolo ezithuthukiswe ithimba 'Izinto Zobunjiniyela Zolwandle' eSouth China University of Technology zinokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuhlanganiswa kokungenisa uma kuqhathaniswa nezingubo zokuvikela ezivamile. Ingangena ezincane kuya kwezimbotshana ze-nanoscale kukhonkolo futhi iqinise futhi i-crosslink in situ, ngaleyo ndlela isuse ama-capillary, izimbotshana, nama-microcracks okwakhiwa imidiya enezimbobo kukhonkolo, ikhulise ukushuba kongqimba lukakhonkolo oluvikelayo ukusuka emashumini ama-micrometer ukuya kumamilimitha ambalwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ukhonkolo omuhle kakhulu wokulwa nokugqwala nemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa ukugqwala. Lokhu kwaziswa kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekuqinisweni, ekuvimbeleni amanzi, ekunqandeni ukugeleza kwamanzi, nasekunqandeni ukugqwala komzila ohamba ngaphansi komhlaba, umhubhe, ibhuloho, ichweba lechweba, idamu eliphehlwa ngamanzi, kanye namaphrojekthi wokwakha umphakathi. Ukwengeza, ithimba lenze i-organic/inorganic hybrid isakhiwo senethiwekhi esimbaxambili sokulungisa izinto zokulungisa ukhonkolo ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga zejubane lokuphulukisa elihamba kancane, izakhiwo ezimbi zemishini zangaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nokuqiniswa kanzima kwamanzi okukhona kwezinto ezikhona. Amandla okuqala ale nto angafinyelela ku-30 MPa, kuyilapho amandla akamuva angafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-100 MPa, engasetshenziselwa ukulungisa ngokushesha imigwaqo emikhulu.
I-iron oxide pigments isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokumboza nopende, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi ihlinzeka ngezinketho eziningi zombala namandla amahle okumboza. Lezi pigments zingadlulisela ngempumelelo umbala ohlala isikhathi eside kuma-coatings namapende, futhi zibe nokuhlakazeka okuhle, okwenza umbala omboziwe wombala ofanayo futhi uzinze.
I-iron oxide pigments ayinikezi kuphela umbala, kodwa futhi yandisa ukumelana nokugqoka nokuqina kwezingubo namapende. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kwamakhemikhali namandla angokomzimba, ama-pigments e-iron oxide angathuthukisa ukumelana nesimo sezulu kwezindwangu, azenze zimelane nemisebe ye-UV kanye nezimo zezulu ezinzima, ngaleyo ndlela andise impilo yesevisi yezingubo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pigment e-iron oxide nawo anesici sokumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu emigqeni yangaphandle namapende, njengoba angakwazi ukuvikela izinto ezingaphansi koqweqwe ekuwohlokeni nasekugugeni okubangelwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet. Le pigment ine-asidi eqinile kanye nokumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, okuyenza ibe isithasiselo esifanelekile sezingubo zokugqoka namapende, afanele izindawo ezihlukahlukene zasendlini nezangaphandle.
Amaminerali e-iron oxide adlala indima ebalulekile kwezobunjiniyela bemvelo, ikakhulukazi ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile, ukulungisa umhlabathi, nokulungiswa kwensimbi esindayo.
Mayelana nokwelashwa nokuhlanzwa kwendle, i-iron oxide nanomaterials isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhangiseni nasekukhipheni ukungcola okunobuthi emanzini angcolile ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu kwe-adsorption nezici zokuhlukanisa kalula. Lawa ma-nanomaterials anendawo enkulu ethile engaphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-adsorption, okungasusa ngempumelelo ama-ion ensimbi esindayo nezinto ezingcolisa imvelo emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnetic iron oxide nanomaterials ingatholakala ngokushesha ngobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa kazibuthe, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa nokunciphisa ingozi yokungcoliswa kwesibili.
Mayelana nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokulungiswa kwensimbi esindayo, amaminerali e-iron oxide angalungisa izinsimbi ezisindayo enhlabathini ngokusabela kwawo kwamakhemikhali angaphezulu kanye nokukhangiswa kwawo, anciphise i-bioavailability nokuhamba kwawo. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukungeza amaminerali e-iron oxide enhlabathini kungathuthukisa amandla ayo okumunca i-microwave, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokususa ukungcola okuphilayo njengama-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons kubuchwepheshe bokulungisa ama-microwave. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali e-iron oxide angakwazi ukuvimbela izinsimbi ezisindayo enhlabathini, njengomthofu ne-cadmium, ngokwakha izakhiwo ezizinzile noma ama-precipitates, ukuwavimbela ukuthi angangeni ochungechungeni lokudla, avikele imvelo nempilo yabantu.
I-Magnetic Ferrite iyinto ebalulekile ye-elekthronikhi kanye nakazibuthe esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izinto ze-elekthronikhi. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ibandakanya izinyathelo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa, ukuxutshwa, ukudubula kwangaphambili, ukubunjwa, ukucwilisa, nokwelashwa kokushisa.
Ekukhiqizeni i-ferrite kazibuthe, okokuqala kudingekile ukuxuba ngokunembile izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, njengemithombo yensimbi, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-nickel namanye usawoti wensimbi. Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zixutshwa ngezilinganiso ezithile futhi ngokuvamile zishiswa ngaphambili esithandweni sokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusabela kwesimo esiqinile futhi zenze i-polycrystalline ferrite enezici ezithile ezibonakalayo. Inqubo yokudubula kwangaphambili yenziwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elincibilikayo lempahla futhi iqedwa ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezimpushana eziqinile.
Inqubo yokubumba iwukucindezela ama-pellets afakwe ngaphambili abe yizimo ezihlukahlukene ezidingekayo kumkhiqizo, ukwakha umzimba othile. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwakha, ezihlanganisa ukucindezela okomile, ukucindezela okushisayo, ukucindezela kwe-isostatic, njll. Phakathi kwazo, ukucindezela okomile kuvame kakhulu.
I-Sintering iyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-ferrite, ngokuvamile eyenziwa emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-1000 kuya ku-1400 ℃, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuminyana kwezinto kanye nokwandisa izakhiwo kazibuthe. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-sintering, impahla ye-ferrite ibhekana nezinguquko zamakhemikhali nezomzimba, ekugcineni yenze umkhiqizo ophelile onezici ezithile zamagnetic.
Izinto zikazibuthe zezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zihlukaniswa kakhulu zibe izinto ezithambile zikazibuthe kanye nezinto ezihlala njalo kazibuthe. Izinto zikazibuthe ezithambile zilula ukwenza uzibuthe futhi zikhiphe uzibuthe, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezishintshayo, ama-transformer, ama-antenna cores, njll. Izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo azikhishwa kalula uzibuthe ngemva kokusebenza uzibuthe futhi zingagcina uzibuthe isikhathi eside. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamagnethi ahlukahlukene ahlala njalo kanye namadivayisi wokugcina kazibuthe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-iron oxide kuzimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekela umuntu kubanzi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yombala wayo omuhle, ukuphepha, nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali.
Njenge-pigment nesengezo, ama-pigment e-iron oxide ahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zemibala yezimonyo. I-Iron oxide ebomvu (i-Fe2O3) i-pigment evamile, ehlinzeka ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusukela ekukhanyeni okubomvu kuya kokubomvu okumnyama, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-lipstick, i-powder blusher, i-eye shadow nezinye izimonyo. I-iron oxide emnyama (i-Fe3O4) ne-iron oxide yellow (FeO (OH)) ihlinzeka ngamathoni amnyama naphuzi ngokulandelana, asetshenziselwa ukulungisa umbala womkhiqizo ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokubonwayo ofunekayo. Lezi mibala azihlinzeki nje ngemibala ehlala isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi zimelana nethonya lokukhanya nokushisa, ukugcina ukuzinza nokubukeka komkhiqizo.
Emikhiqizweni ye-skincare, i-iron oxide ayisetshenziswa nje kuphela njenge-pigment, kodwa futhi iyigugu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-antioxidant. I-iron oxide ingamunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet, inciphise ukulimala kwayo esikhumbeni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibe nendima yokuvikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezithile ze-iron oxide nazo zinemiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-sedative esikhumbeni, okwenza kube isithako esifanelekile emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ezigulini ezinesikhumba esibucayi noma izifo zesikhumba ezivuvukalayo.
Sekukonke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-iron oxide emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu akubangelwa nje kuphela ukuhlukahluka kombala njenge-pigment, kodwa futhi nezinzuzo ezengeziwe ezilethwa njengesengezo, njenge-antioxidation nokuvikelwa kwesikhumba ezintweni zemvelo. Ngokukhula kwezidingo zabathengi zokuphepha nokusebenza kwezithako zomkhiqizo, i-iron oxide, njengesithako esingokwemvelo nesiphephile, kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekela umuntu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) emkhakheni wezokwelapha kuyanda, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yabo, i-biodegradability, kanye nobuthi obuphansi. Lezi zici zenza i-iron oxide nanoparticles ibe yinto efanelekile yezinkambu ze-biomedical esebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwezithako zemithi kanye nama-ejenti okuxilonga.
Njengesithako sokwenza imithi, i-iron oxide nanoparticles ingasebenza njengabathwali bemithi elwa nomdlavuza, iwahambise ngokuqondile kumaseli wesimila ngokusebenzisa amasistimu okulethwa okuhlosiwe, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise umonakalo kumaseli avamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingasebenza futhi njengama-antibacterial agents, zisebenzisa izinhlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo ezizikhiqizayo ukuze zibulale amagciwane, okubonisa amandla ekwelapheni izifo ezinzima.
Ngokuphathelene nama-ejenti okuxilonga, ama-iron oxide nanoparticles asetshenziswa kabanzi njengama-ejenti ahlukile ku-imaging resonance magnetic (MRI) ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo kazibuthe. Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa umehluko wesithombe, basize odokotela babheke indawo ye-lesion ngokucacile, futhi ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise ukunemba kokuxilongwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nanoparticles e-iron oxide angasebenza njengezinto zokuvikela izinto ezikhipha imisebe, ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela abasebenzi bezokwelapha neziguli ekuchayekeni emisebeni engadingekile. Isibonelo, ekwelapheni ngemisebe kanye nemithi yenuzi, i-iron oxide nanoparticles ingasebenza njengesendlalelo esivikelayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwemisebe ezicutshini ezizungezile ezibangelwa izinto ezikhipha imisebe.
Kafushane, i-iron oxide nanoparticles inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza emkhakheni wezokwelapha, hhayi nje kuphela ukukhombisa amandla amakhulu ekulethweni kwezidakamizwa kanye nesithombe sokuxilonga, kodwa futhi nokuba nenani elibalulekile lesicelo ekuvikeleni imisebe. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology kanye nokuqonda okujulile kwe-iron oxide nanoparticles, ukusetshenziswa kwabo emkhakheni wezokwelapha kuzokwandiswa futhi kujule.
Lapho usebenzisa i-iron oxide, lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:
Isivikelo somuntu siqu: Abaqhubi kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengezibuko ezivikelayo, amagilavu, nezingubo zokuzivikela, ukuvimbela ukuthintana phakathi kothuli lwe-iron oxide noma izinhlayiya nesikhumba namehlo.
Gwema ukuhogela: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa nokusabalalisa uthuli, njengokusebenzisa isistimu evaliwe noma ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezinhle zokungenisa umoya, ukuvimbela ukuhogela kwezinhlayiya ze-iron oxide.
Isitoreji Nokuphatha: I-iron oxide kufanele igcinwe endaweni eyomile futhi engenawo umoya, kugwenywe ukuthintana nezinto ezivuthayo futhi kuvimbele umswakama ukuba ungabangeli ukunqwabelana.
Ukwelashwa kwemfucuza: I-iron oxide esetshenzisiwe kanye neziqukathi zayo kufanele ziphathwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo yendawo ukuze kugwenywe ukuchithwa okuqondile endaweni ezungezile, ikakhulukazi emanzini nasenhlabathini.
Mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele abhekwe:
Ukuqapha indawo ezungezile: Gada njalo izinga lendawo esetshenziswayo nezindawo zokugcina i-iron oxide, okuhlanganisa izinga lomoya kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi azikho izehlakalo zokunukubezeka ezenzekayo.
Ukusabela kwezimo eziphuthumayo zokuvuza: Yenza uhlelo oluphuthumayo lokuvuza, futhi uma kuvuza, thatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokulawula nokuhlanza ukuze uvimbele ukusakazeka kwe-iron oxide endaweni ezungezile.
Izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukungcola: Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bokulawula ukungcola njengezihlungi zezikhwama noma izikhuhla ezimanzi ziyamukelwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya ze-iron oxide.
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ohambisana nemvelo: Cwaninga futhi uthuthukise imikhiqizo ye-iron oxide engayingeni imvelo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile.
Ama-Pigments and Coatings: I-iron oxide isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-pigment kanye ne-coating ngenxa yombala wayo ocebile nokuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, okuhlinzeka ngezinketho eziningi zombala kusuka ensundu kuya kokubomvu.
Izinto zikazibuthe: Izinhlobo ezithile ze-iron oxide (ezifana ne-Fe3O4) zinozibuthe omuhle futhi zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto kazibuthe, njenge-magnetite nezinto zokuqopha kazibuthe.
Ubunjiniyela bezemvelo: I-iron oxide nanomaterials isetshenziswa njengezikhangisi kanye nama-catalysts kubunjiniyela bemvelo ukuze kuhlanzwe amanzi nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi, kususwe ngempumelelo ukungcola nezinsimbi ezisindayo.
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ama-iron oxide nanoparticles asetshenziswa njengabathwali bezidakamizwa, ama-ejenti wokuqhathanisa we-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), kanye nasekwelashweni komdlavuza.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe: Ngokuthuthuka kwe-nanotechnology kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, izindlela zokuhlanganisa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-iron oxide izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinobungani bemvelo: Uma kucatshangelwa ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo ye-iron oxide engayingeni indawo ezungezile kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza kuzoba okugxilwe kuzo ocwaningweni lwangomuso.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Biomedical: Emkhakheni we-biomedicine, i-biocompatibility kanye nobuthi obuphansi be-iron oxide nanomaterials kubenza babe namathemba amakhulu okusebenza ekulethweni kwezidakamizwa, ukuthwebula izithombe, nokwelashwa.
Amandla kanye ne-catalysis: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-iron oxide endaweni yokugcina amandla kanye nemishini yokuguqula, njengezinto ze-electrode zamabhethri namaseli kaphethiloli, kanye nasekuhlaziyweni kwemvelo, kulindeleke ukuthi kulethe impumelelo entsha.
