Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium chloride solvents kanye nama-electrolyte

1. Izici ze-solvent

 

I-Aluminium chloride ingancibilikisa izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene ze-inorganic kanye ne-organic, iyenze ibe nenani elikhulu njenge-solvent ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali nasekulungiseleleni izinto ezibonakalayo. Kwezinye izimo ezithile zamakhemikhali, i-aluminium chloride ayisebenzi nje kuphela njenge-solvent, kodwa futhi ithinta inqubo yokusabela kanye nokukhetha komkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zayo ezine-asidi.

 

1.1 Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo

 

Ku-organic synthesis, i-aluminium chloride ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza izinhlobo ezithile zokusabela, njengokusabela kwe-Friedel Crafts. Kulokhu kusabela, i-aluminium chloride ayisebenzi nje kuphela njenge-solvent, kodwa futhi njenge-catalyst yokwandisa izinga lokusabela ngokuvula ama-reactants.

 

1.2 Ukuchithwa kwensimbi

 

I-Aluminium chloride, njenge-solvent, ingancibilikisa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni zokuncibilikisa insimbi nokululama. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni i-aluminium, i-aluminium chloride isebenza njenge-solvent ukuze ibambe iqhaza ekuhlakazweni kwe-bauxite kanye nokukhishwa kwe-aluminium.

 

2. Izici ze-Electrolyte

 

Izakhiwo ze-electrolyte ze-aluminium chloride zibaluleke ngokulinganayo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezimboni. Enqubweni ye-electrochemical, i-aluminium chloride inikeza ama-ion e-chloride, asebenza njengezithwali zokushaja futhi abalulekile ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical.

 

2.1 Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Aluminum

 

I-Aluminium chloride idlala indima ebalulekile njenge-electrolyte kasawoti encibilikisiwe ekukhiqizeni i-aluminium. Enqubweni ye-electrolysis ye-Hall Heriot, i-aluminium oxide incibilika engxubeni encibilikisiwe ye-aluminium chloride namanye ama-chloride, ikhiqiza i-aluminium eyinsimbi negesi ye-chlorine ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis.

 

2.2 I-Electroplating

 

I-Aluminium chloride nayo isetshenziswa enqubweni ye-electroplating njenge-electrolyte ukuze ibambe iqhaza ekufakweni kwensimbi. Kwezinye izinqubo ze-electroplating, i-aluminium chloride inikeza ama-ion e-chloride adingekayo ukusiza ukwakha iyunifomu yensimbi yokunamathela eqinile.

 

3. Ukusabela kwe-Polymerization

 

I-Aluminium chloride isebenza njenge-catalyst ekuphenduleni kwe-polymerization, ikhuthaza ukwenziwa kusebenze kanye ne-polymerization yama-monomers. Ekuphenduleni kwe-hydrocarbon polymerization, i-aluminium chloride isiza ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezithile zama-polymers, njenge-polystyrene ne-ethylbenzene.

 

4. Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha

 

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium chloride kudinga ukucabangela umthelela ongaba khona endaweni ezungezile nokuphepha kokusebenza. I-Aluminium chloride iyagqwala futhi ingase ibangele umonakalo empilweni yomuntu namathuluzi. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kufanele zithathwe ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa i-aluminium chloride, njengokugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, izifihla-buso, namagilavu.

 

5. Ikhemikhali eluhlaza kanye nezinye izindlela

 

Ngokunaka okwandayo ekusimameni kwemvelo, imboni yamakhemikhali ifuna ezinye izindlela ezihambisana nemvelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium chloride. Isibonelo, ukwenza ama-catalyst amasha nezincibilikisi ukunciphisa ukuncika kwe-aluminium chloride kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

 

Isiphetho

 

I-Aluminium chloride, njengenhlanganisela yezinto ezingaphili esebenza ngezinto eziningi, isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzinyibilikisi nama-electrolyte. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali, ukuncibilikisa insimbi, i-electroplating, kanye nokusabela kwe-polymerization. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium chloride nakho kuletha izinselelo zemvelo nokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, imboni yamakhemikhali idinga ukuqhubeka nokuhlola ezinye izindlela eziphephile nezingangeni kwemvelo ukuze kuzuzwe intuthuko esimeme. Noma kunjalo, i-aluminium chloride isengenye yamakhemikhali adingekayo ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni.