Ukubuka: 12 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-04-01 Umsuka: Isayithi
I-Thiourea, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-thiourea, iyinhlanganisela yemvelo equkethe amaqembu asebenzayo e-sulphur ne-urea, enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi CS (NH2) 2. Iqinile njengekristale elimhlophe kuya kokuphuzi elincibilika kalula emanzini notshwala ekamelweni lokushisa, kodwa inokuncibilika okuphansi kuma-ethers. I-Thiourea inokuphinda isebenze kwamakhemikhali amaningi, ngakho-ke inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza embonini nasocwaningweni lwesayensi.
Ukubaluleka kwe-thiourea embonini yenjoloba kubonakala endimeni yayo njenge-ejenti elimazayo kanye nomgqugquzeli wenjoloba. Ngesikhathi se-vulcanization yerabha, i-thiourea ingasabela ngesibopho esiphindwe kabili ku-molecule yenjoloba ukuze yakhe isakhiwo esixhumene, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukunwebeka, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokumelana nokuguga kwerabha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thiourea ingasebenza futhi njengomgqugquzeli ekucutshungulweni kwenjoloba, isheshise ukusabela kwe-vulcanization, ifinyeze umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, i-thiourea isetshenziswa njengendawo emaphakathi ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi ehlukahlukene ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo oyingqayizivele webhayoloji. I-Thiourea kanye nokuphuma kwayo kunemiphumela ehlukahlukene yemithi efana ne-antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, ne-anti-tumor, okwenza kube nenani elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwemithi emisha kanye nokwenza ngcono izidakamizwa ezikhona.
Lezi zici ze-thiourea ziyenza idlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yenjoloba kanye nenkundla yezemithi, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwemikhiqizo ezimbonini ezihlobene. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko ezidingekayo ezimakethe, izinkambu zokufaka izicelo kanye nezindlela ze-thiourea zizoqhubeka nokukhula, kuletha izinzuzo ezengeziwe ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kanye nempilo yabantu.
Ukubukeka: I-Thiourea ivamise ukubonakala njengekristale emhlophe kuya kokuphuzi ngokukhanyayo nokubukeka okucwebezelayo.
Ukuminyana: Ukuminyana kwe-thiourea cishe ku-1.41g/cm ³。
Iphuzu elincibilikayo: Indawo encibilikayo ye-thiourea iphakathi kuka-176 no-178 ℃.
Ukunyibilika: I-Thiourea ine-solubility ephansi emanzini, kodwa ingancibilika emanzini ashisayo; Incibilika kalula ku-ethanol, inyibilika kancane ku-ether.
Inkomba ye-Refractive: Inkomba ye-refractive ye-thiourea cishe i-1.654.
Iphoyinti elikhanyayo: Iphoyinti elikhanyayo le-thiourea ngu-66.8 ℃.
Ingcindezi ebucayi: Ingcindezi ebalulekile ye-thiourea ingu-8.23 MPa.
I-Chemical reactivity: I-Thiourea ingasabela ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, njenge-hydrogen sulfide, i-calcium cyanamide, njll., ukuze yakhe i-thiourea.
I-Acidity: I-Thiourea iyinhlanganisela ene-asidi ebuthakathaka engasabela ngezisekelo ukuze yenze usawoti.
Ukuzinza kwe-thermal: I-Thiourea izinzile uma ishisa, kodwa ingase ibole emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Ubuthi: I-Thiourea inobuthi obuthile, obunobuthi obunamandla i-LD50 ye-125mg/kg (ngomlomo kumagundane) kanye ne-100mg/kg (isisu kumagundane).
I-Ecotoxicity: I-Thiourea inobuthi ezintweni eziphila emanzini futhi ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ezindaweni zasemanzini.
imininingwane yezokuphepha
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenza: Uma usebenzisa i-thiourea, izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha kufanele zithathwe, njengokuvala, ukushaywa umoya kwasendaweni, ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela namagilavu, njll.
Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala: Ngemva kokuthinta isikhumba ne-thiourea, hlambulula kahle ngamanzi anensipho namanzi ngokushesha; Ngemuva kokuthintana kwamehlo, hlambulula ngamanzi agelezayo noma usawoti womzimba futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha; Ngemva kokuhogela i-thiourea, umuntu kufanele asheshe asuke endaweni yesehlakalo aye endaweni enomoya omusha futhi agcine indlela yokuphefumula ingavinjwa; Ngemva kokuphuza i-thiourea, umuntu kufanele aphuze amanzi afudumele anele, enze ukuhlanza, futhi afune usizo lwezokwelapha.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nomlilo: i-nitrogen oxide eyingozi kanye negesi ye-sulphur oxide ingase ikhiqizwe lapho i-thiourea isha. Amanzi, igwebu, isikhutha, isihlabathi nezinye izindlela zizosetshenziswa ukucisha umlilo.
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-rubber vulcanization, i-thiourea isebenza njengomgqugquzeli osebenzayo ongasheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwenjoloba nama-ejenti afaka i-vulcanizing, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise isikhathi sokwenza i-vulcanization futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. I-Thiourea ingakhuthaza ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi exhumanisa ngokuphambana ngokusabela ngamabhondi aphindwe kabili kuma-molecule enjoloba, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunwebeka, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nokuguga zenjoloba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-vulcanization, kuvumele imikhiqizo yenjoloba ukuthi ifinyelele izici ezidingekayo zomzimba namakhemikhali ngesikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle akunciphisi nje kuphela isikhathi sokukhiqiza nezindleko, kodwa futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukungaguquguquki nokuthembeka komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thiourea ingaphinde ithuthukise ukusebenza kokucubungula kwerabha, ikwenze kube lula ukubumba nokucubungula.
Inzuzo yemvelo ye-thiourea ilele enqubweni yayo yokukhiqiza kanye nomthelela omncane endaweni ezungezile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-accelerator avamile, i-thiourea ikhiqiza amanzi angcolile amancane kanye negesi yokukhipha igesi ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, esiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yokubola ye-thiourea ayinangozi uma kuqhathaniswa futhi ngeke ibangele ukulimala kwesikhathi eside ku-ecosystem.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sezidingo eziqinile zemvelo, izici zemvelo ze-thiourea zenza ukusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yenjoloba kukhange kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa i-thiourea njengomgqugquzeli we-vulcanization, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza injoloba awakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi aphendule izinqubomgomo zemvelo futhi azuze intuthuko esimeme.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea embonini yenjoloba kubonise indima yayo ebalulekile njengomgqugquzeli we-vulcanization. Ayithuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwe-vulcanization kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo. Ngokuqiniswa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, i-thiourea kulindeleke ukuthi idlale indima enkulu embonini yenjoloba yesikhathi esizayo, ibe negalelo ekuzuzeni ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba eluhlaza nesebenza kahle kakhudlwana.
I-Thiourea, njengengxenye ebalulekile yamakhemikhali ephilayo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi ehlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-athomu esibabule asebenzayo namaqembu e-amino kuma-molecule e-thiourea, angabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene njengokushintshwa kwe-nucleophilic, i-acylation, i-condensation, njll., ngaleyo ndlela ahlanganise izinhlanganisela nemisebenzi ethile yebhayoloji. I-Thiourea inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ekuhlanganisweni kwezidakamizwa ezilwa ne-thyroid, izidakamizwa ze-antifungal, izidakamizwa ze-anti-tumor, njalonjalo.
Izidakamizwa ze-Thiourea zingenye yezidakamizwa eziyinhloko ekwelapheni i-hyperthyroidism. Lezi zidakamizwa zilawula izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism ngokuvimbela umsebenzi we-thyroid peroxidase nokunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamahomoni e-thyroid. Izidakamizwa ezivamile ezisekelwe ku-thiourea ezisekelwe ku-anti thyroid zihlanganisa i-propylthiouracil (PTU) ne-methylthiouracil (MMI), kokubili okuphuma kokunye okusekelwe ku-thiourea.
Amayunithi esakhiwo se-thiourea akhona kabanzi kuma-molecule amaningi e-bioactive, ngaleyo ndlela abe namandla amakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemithi emisha. Amakhemikhali e-Thiourea acutshungulwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana ne-anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, kanye ne-anti-tumor. Ngokuqonda okujulile kobudlelwane besakhiwo nomsebenzi wezinhlanganisela ze-thiourea, imithi eminingi emisha esekelwe ezakhiweni ze-thiourea ingase ithuthukiswe ngokuzayo.
Imboni yenjoloba: I-Thiourea isebenza njengomgqugquzeli we-vulcanization embonini yenjoloba, isiza ukuthuthukisa ukunwebeka nokumelana nokugqoka kwenjoloba. Ngokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwenjoloba emhlabeni wonke, isidingo se-thiourea sinyukile.
Emkhakheni wezolimo, i-thiourea ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo we-nitrogen ukunikeza isici se-nitrogen esidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, kuyilapho futhi ibe nemiphumela yokubulala amagciwane, esiza ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo zezitshalo nezinambuzane.
Imboni yamakhemikhali: I-Thiourea isetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza embonini yamakhemikhali ukuze kuhlanganiswe amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, njengodayi, ama-resin, njll.
Imboni yezogesi: Ibanga le-elekthronikhi i-thiourea inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile emikhakheni ye-elekthronikhi ye-electroplating efana nezixazululo ze-electroplating namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komkhakha we-elekthronikhi, isidingo se-thiourea ehlanzekile siyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe: Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-thiourea buyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza, okusiza ukwandisa ububanzi bokusebenzisa i-thiourea emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Izimo zemvelo: Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo emhlabeni jikelele kuholele ekwendeni kwesidingo samakhemikhali angangenisi imvelo. I-Thiourea, njengenhlanganisela evumelana nemvelo, kulindeleke ukuthi ithole amathuba emakethe amaningi ngenkathi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo.
Izindawo zezicelo ezisafufusa: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea emikhakheni esafufusa njengemithi nezolimo nakho kuyanda njalo, kuletha amathuba engeziwe emakethe yase-thiourea.
Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yezinto ezibonakalayo: Izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-thiourea zithintwa kakhulu amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe, futhi ukwehla kwezinga lentengo kungase kuholele ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza ezingazinzile, kuphazamise ukuhlinzekwa kwemakethe.
Ukuncintisana kwemakethe: Kunezinga elithile lokuncintisana emakethe ye-thiourea, ikakhulukazi evela kubakhiqizi basekhaya nabangaphandle. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwawo ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukumaketha, nezinye izici.
Indawo yenqubomgomo: Njengomkhiqizo wamakhemikhali, i-thiourea ivinjelwa imithetho yemvelo, amazinga okukhiqiza okuphepha, nezinye izinqubomgomo. Amabhizinisi kudingeka ahambisane nemithetho yokukhiqiza, aqinise ukubusa kwemvelo, futhi aqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuphepha kokukhiqizwa.
Ukungqubuzana kwezohwebo kwamanye amazwe: Izinguquko esimweni sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe zingase zibe nomthelela ekungenisweni nasekuthunyelweni kwe-thiourea. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinqubomgomo zezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe futhi alungise kalula amasu awo ebhizinisi.
I-Thiourea, njenge-accelerator yerabha, ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kwe-vulcanization kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi iyikhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwenjoloba.
Ngokukhula kwesidingo senjoloba emhlabeni wonke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea embonini yenjoloba kuzoqhubeka nokukhula, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni amathayi, amapayipi enjoloba, izicathulo zenjoloba neminye imikhiqizo.
Ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yezemvelo kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo sezithasiselo zenjoloba ezingayingeni imvelo, kanti i-thiourea, njengekhemikhali ehambisana nemvelo, kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yenjoloba.
I-Thiourea, njengomanyolo we-nitrogen nesibulala-sikhunta, ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwezitshalo nokwandisa isivuno sezolimo.
Esimeni sokuvikeleka kokudla emhlabeni wonke kanye nentuthuko yezolimo esimeme, ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea emkhakheni wezolimo kuzonakwa kakhulu.
Ukusebenza okuningi kwe-thiourea kuyinikeza amandla okushintsha amakhemikhali endabuko emkhakheni wezolimo, okusiza ukwehlisa imithelela engemihle kwezemvelo.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe: Kulindeleke ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-thiourea buzoqhubeka buthuthuka esikhathini esizayo, buthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko nomthelela emvelweni.
Ukwanda kwezimakethe: Ngokukhula kwezimakethe ezisafufusa kanye nokujula kwezimakethe ezikhona, isidingo semakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-thiourea kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke nokukhula.
Ukuthambekela kwemvelo: Isidingo samakhemikhali anobungani bemvelo sizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka emhlabeni jikelele, futhi i-thiourea, njengekhemikhali ehambisana nemvelo, kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokwandisa isabelo sayo semakethe.
Ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo: Ngokunaka okwandayo kohulumeni emhlabeni wonke ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo, i-thiourea ingase ithole ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwenqubomgomo kanye nezinzuzo zemakethe.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea kweminye imikhakha efana nezokwelapha, i-electronics, kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali kuzoqhubeka nokukhula ngenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, kunikeze umfutho omusha ekukhuleni kwayo kwemakethe.
