Iyini i-Potassium permanganate nokuthi ungayithenga kanjani i-potassium permanganate?

Iyini i-Potassium permanganate?

I-Potassium permanganate iyinhlanganisela ye-inorganic. Usawoti ocwebezelayo onsundu-omnyama.

I-Potassium permanganate isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali nasezilabhorethri njenge-ejenti eqinile ye-oxidizing, futhi futhi njengomuthi we-dermatitis, wokuhlanza amanxeba, kanye nokubulala amagciwane okuvamile.

I-Potassium Permanganate ingasetshenziswa njenge-oxidizing ejenti yokubulala amagciwane ezindaweni zokuchanyuselwa kanye nezindawo zokulima emanzini. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengesengezo sokwelapha amanzi ukuze isabele ngezinto eziphilayo echibini elifana nolwelwe, amabhaktheriya, nezinye izilokazane.

Iyini i-solubility ye-Potassium permanganate?

I-Potassium permanganate ingancibilika emanzini, i-lye, incibilika kancane ku-methanol, i-acetone, i-sulfuric acid.

Isetshenziswa kanjani i-potassium permanganate?

Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha

I-Potassium permanganate isetshenziselwa izimo eziningi zesikhumba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izifo zokukhunta ezinyaweni, impetigo, i-pemphigus, amanxeba angaphandle, i-dermatitis, nezilonda zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Isohlwini Lwemithi Ebalulekile Yenhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba. 

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi

I-Potassium permanganate isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokwelapha amanzi. Isetshenziswa njengekhemikhali yokuvuselela kabusha ukuze kukhishwe i-iron ne-hydrogen sulfide (iphunga leqanda elibolile) emanzini omthombo ngokusebenzisa isihlungi 'sandhlabathi ye-manganese'. I-'Pot-Perm' nayo iyatholakala ezitolo ze-pool supply futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ngokomlando yayisetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane emanzini okuphuza futhi ingashintsha amanzi abe pink. Njengamanje ithola ukusetshenziswa ekulawuleni izinto eziphilayo eziyinkathazo njengezimbaza ze-zebra ekuqoqweni kwamanzi amasha kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-organic compounds

Isicelo esikhulu se-KMnO4 sinjenge-reagent yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Kudingeka amanani abalulekile ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-ascorbic acid, i-chloramphenicol, i-saccharin, i-isonicotinic acid, ne-pyrazinoic acid.

I-KMnO4 isetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni kwekhwalithi ye-organic ukuhlola ubukhona bokungagcwalisi. Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-reagent ka-Baeyer ngemuva kwesazi samakhemikhali ephilayo saseJalimane u-Adolf von Baeyer. I-reagent iyisisombululo se-alkaline se-potassium permanganate. Ukusabela okunamabhondi aphindwe kabili noma kathathu (-C=C- noma -C≡C-) kubangela ukuthi umbala ufiphele ukusuka kokunsomi-opinki ukuya kunsundu. Ama-aldehydes kanye ne-formic acid (kanye namafomethi) nawo anikeza isivivinyo esihle. Ukuhlolwa kungokwakudala.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlaziya

I-Potassium permanganate ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ngobuningi ingqikithi yezinto eziphilayo ezingaxutshwa ne-oxidizable kusampula enamanzi. Inani elinqunyiwe laziwa njengevelu ye-permanganate. Kukhemistri yokuhlaziya, isixazululo esimisiwe samanzi se-KMnO4 kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziswa njenge-oxidizing titrant ye-redox titrations (permanganometry). Njengoba i-potanganum permanganate ihlanganiswa, ikhambi liba umthunzi okhanyayo wobunsomi, okuba mnyama njengoba kunezelwa ngokweqile kwe-titrant kwisixazululo. Ngendlela ehlobene, isetshenziswa njenge-reagent ukunquma inombolo ye-Kappa ye-pulp yezinkuni. Ukuze kumiswe izixazululo ze-KMnO4, ukuncishiswa nge-oxalic acid kuvame ukusetshenziswa.

Izisombululo ezinamanzi, ezine-asidi ze-KMnO4 zisetshenziselwa ukuqoqa i-gaseous mercury ku-flue gas ngesikhathi sokuhlola ukukhishwa kwemithombo emile.

Ku-histology, i-potassium permanganate yayisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza.

Ukugcinwa kwezithelo

Ama-absorbents e-ethylene anweba isikhathi sokugcina ubhanana ngisho namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lo mphumela ungasetshenziswa ngokupakisha ubhanana ku-polyethylene kanye ne-potassium permanganate. Ngokususa i-ethylene nge-oxidation, i-permanganate ibambezela ukuvuthwa, ikhulise impilo yeshalofu yesithelo kuze kufike kumaviki angu-4 ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqandisa.

Amakhithi okusinda

I-Potassium permanganate ngezinye izikhathi ifakwa kumathuluzi okusinda: njengesiqalisi somlilo se-hypergolic (uma sihlanganiswe ne-glycerol antifreeze kusuka kurediyetha yemoto; njengesibulala-magciwane samanzi; nokudala izimpawu zokucindezeleka eqhweni).

Isevisi yomlilo

I-Potassium permanganate yengezwa 'kuma-plastic sphere dispensers' ukuze kudaleke imililo engemuva, ukusha, nokusha okulawulwayo. Ama-polymer sphere afana namabhola e-ping-pong aqukethe amanani amancane e-permanganate ajovwe nge-ethylene glycol futhi akhonjiswe endaweni lapho kufiswa khona ukuthungela, lapho evutha khona ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kwemizuzwana. Zombili izinto eziphathwa ngesandla nendiza enophephela emhlane- noma ezigibele isikebhe zepulasitiki ziyasetshenziswa.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa

• amakhemikhali ayinhloko asetshenziswa ezimbonini zamafilimu nezamathelevishini 'ukuguga' ama-props nokusetha okokugqoka.

• oxidize cocaine unama ukuze uyihlanze futhi ukhulise ukuzinza kwayo.

•  ukulinganisa kwe-nitrogen etholakalayo emhlabathini.

Isebenza kanjani i-potassium permanganate?

I-Potassium permanganate itholakala njengento eqinile eyomile, ensomi. Umshini ujova isixazululo se-potassium permanganate emanzini phakathi kwepompo yamanzi nethangi lokubamba.

I-Potassium permanganate i-oxidize insimbi, i-manganese, ne-hydrogen sulfide ibe yizinhlayiya. Izinhlayiya zibe sezihlungwa ngesihlungi se-multimedia esingaba i-aluminium silicate ehlanganiswe ne-manganese ngaphezu kwesihlabathi esiluhlaza esifakwe i-manganese noma ungqimba lwama-intshi angu-8 we-anthracite ngaphezu kwehlabathi elihlaza eline-manganese. Uma inani elinganele le-iron, i-manganese, noma i-hydrogen sulfide ifakwa i-oxidized ngaphambi kokuhlunga, ukumbozwa kwe-manganese kumshini wokuhlunga kusebenza njenge-oxidant eyisipele yokwelapha noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele. Uma kufakwa i-potassium permanganate eningi emanzini ngaphambi kokuhlunga, i-potassium permanganate eyeqile isebenza njengesihlungi semidiya yokuhlunga.

Amanzi kufanele angabi nambala lapho eshiya isihlungi. Lapho ukwelapha amanzi ukususa amagciwane ensimbi, isisombululo se-potassium permanganate sifakwa emthonjeni. Ukugxila kwe-3.8 kuya ku-7.6 amagremu ngegaloni kutholwe kusebenza kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi isisombululo sengezwe emthonjeni, ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kuzosiza ukukhulula nokuhlakaza i-sediment kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezikhiqizwa amabhaktheriya, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokwelashwa. Ukuyaluza kungase kufezwe ngokuvula nokuvala umthombo, okuletha amanzi ebhodleleni lomthombo bese uwayeka awele emgodini.

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