Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-benzoic acid?

Isingeniso

 

I-Benzoic acid iyinhlanganisela ephilayo enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C8H7O2, esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Emkhakheni wezimboni, i-benzoic acid isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza i-phenol, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza efana nepulasitiki, ama-resin, imithi, nodayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzoic acid nayo isetshenziswa njengesivikelo futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile embonini yokudla neziphuzo, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni ye-acidic. Ingaguqulwa ibe i-benzoic acid esebenzayo, isebenzisa imiphumela elwa namagciwane kanye ne-bactericidal. I-Benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo, njenge-sodium benzoate, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezibanzi ze-antimicrobial, ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwe-pH 4.5, ngaleyo ndlela andise impilo yeshalofu yokudla.

 

Ezidingweni zansuku zonke, i-ethyl benzoate, njengesithako esivame ukusetshenziswa essence yokudla, inikeza ukunambitheka kwezithelo nezimbali, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuxuba okunye ukunambitheka, okufana nama-sweet and herbal flavour. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesithelo essence. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzoic acid iphinde isetshenziswe njengesisetshenziswa sokubona ukuze kutholwe ama-ion ensimbi afana ne-manganese, i-mercury, i-nickel, kanye nezinto ezifana ne-nitrate ne-nitrite, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo nasekuhloleni ukuphepha kokudla.

 

Sengiphetha, i-benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kanye nempilo yansuku zonke, hhayi kuphela ekuhlanganisweni kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, kodwa nasekugcinweni kokudla, ukulungiswa kwe-essence, ukuqapha imvelo kanye neminye imikhakha.

 

Izici eziyisisekelo ze-benzoic acid

 

Isakhiwo samakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba:

 

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali: Kusakhiwo samangqamuzana e-benzoic acid, iqembu le-carboxyl lixhunywe ngokuqondile ku-athomu yekhabhoni yeringi ye-benzene, lakha isakhiwo se-C6H5COOH. I-athomu ye-hydrogen eringini ye-benzene ithathelwa indawo iqembu le-carboxyl.

 

Iphuzu elincibilikayo: Indawo encibilikayo ye-benzoic acid ngu-121-125 ° C.

 

Indawo yokubilisa: Iphuzu elibilayo lingu-249 ° C.

 

Ukuminyana: Ukuminyana okuhlobene cishe ku-1.2659 (15/4 ℃).

 

Ukunyibilika: I-Benzoic acid incibilika kancane emanzini abandayo ne-hexane, kodwa incibilika kuzincibilikisi zemvelo ezifana namanzi ashisayo, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, ne-benzene.

 

Ukubukeka: I-Benzoic acid ivamise ukubonakala njengamakristalu amise okwenaliti emhlophe noma njenge-flake, enephunga elifana ne-benzene noma i-formaldehyde.

 

I-Sublimation: Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-100 ℃, i-benzoic acid izoba ngaphansi futhi ingahwamuka ngomhwamuko wamanzi.

 

Izinyathelo zokuphepha nokusetshenziswa:

 

Izingozi zempilo: Umhwamuko we-Benzoic acid ungacasula umgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu, amehlo, nesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, akukho ukulimala okuphawulekayo okuvela ekuvezweni, kodwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside noma okubanzi kufanele kugwenywe.

 

Ukuvikela ukuphepha: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinto zokuvikela ezifanele kufanele zigqokwe, njengamagilavu ​​amelana namakhemikhali, izibuko ezivikelayo noma izihlangu zobuso, kanye nezingubo zokusebenza ezimelana ne-asidi ne-alkali.

 

Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala: Uma kwenzeka uthinta isikhumba, hlambulula ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi agezayo; Lapho uthintana namehlo, amajwabu amehlo angaphezulu naphansi kufanele avulwe, ahlanjululwe ngamanzi agelezayo noma usawoti womzimba, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kufanele kufunwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma uphefumula, kufanele udluliselwe ngokushesha endaweni enomoya omusha futhi umgudu wokuphefumula kufanele ugcinwe ungavinjelwe; Ngemva kokumunca, hlambulula umlomo wakho, uphuze ubisi noma amaqanda amhlophe, futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.

 

Ukusabela okuphuthumayo kokuvuza: Indawo engcolile kufanele ibe yodwa, umthombo womlilo kufanele unqanyulwe, futhi okuvuzayo kufanele kuqoqwe ngefosholo elihlanzekile, kubekwe esitsheni esomile, esihlanzekile nesimboziwe, bese siyiswa endaweni yokulahla imfucuza.

 

Ukulahlwa kukadoti: Imfucuza kufanele ilahlwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho kazwelonke neyendawo efanele, futhi kuvame ukutuswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe indlela yokushiswa ukuze kulahlwe.

 

Izicelo embonini yokudla

 

Izilondolozi:

 

I-Benzoic acid kanye nosawoti wayo we-sodium yinto ebanzi ye-antimicrobial engavimbela amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene futhi yandise ngokuphumelelayo impilo yeshalofu yokudla ku-pH ngaphansi kwe-4.5.

 

I-Benzoic acid, njenge-preservative, inomphumela ovimbelayo emsebenzini wama-enzyme okuphefumula kumangqamuzana e-microbial ahlukahlukene, inomthelela oqinile ekuvimbeleni ukuboshwa kwe-acetyl CoA, futhi inomphumela ovimbelayo kuma-microbial cell membranes. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi nje ukuvimbela ukwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-microorganisms, kodwa futhi ibe nemiphumela emihle ye-bactericidal.

 

I-Benzoic acid kanye nosawoti wayo we-sodium yizilondolozi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-condiment okwamanje, ezihlobene nomphumela wazo omuhle we-antibacterial kanye nenani eliphansi.

 

Ama-Antioxidants:

 

I-Benzoic acid inezakhiwo ze-antioxidant, ezingavimbela i-oxidation yamafutha ekudleni futhi igcine ubusha bayo.

 

Isinongo sokudla:

 

Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa njengesivikelo kanye ne-antioxidant, i-benzoic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesinongo sokudla. Ingathuthukisa ukunambitheka kokudla futhi ithuthukise ukunambitheka kwakho.

 

Izicelo emkhakheni wezokwelapha

 

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokubulala izinzwa zendawo:

 

I-Benzocaine, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-ethyl p-aminobenzoate, i-anesthetic yendawo evame ukusetshenziswa. Inemiphumela ye-analgesic kanye ne-itch futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu izinzwa kanye nokukhulula ubuhlungu ezilonda, izindawo zezilonda, ubuso be-mucosal, nama-hemorrhoids. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-benzocaine ngokuvamile kuhilela ukulungiswa kwe-para aminobenzoic acid, engazuzwa ngokuncishiswa nokusabela kwe-esterification ye-para nitrobenzoic acid.

 

I-Procaine ingenye i-anesthetic yendawo evamile, equkethe okuphuma ku-benzoic acid esakhiweni sayo samakhemikhali. I-Procaine isetshenziswe kabanzi emisebenzini yomtholampilo ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphansi kanye nomphumela omuhle wokubulala izinzwa.

 

Ukulungiswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antifungal:

 

I-Benzoic acid ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa izidakamizwa ezinezakhiwo ze-antifungal. Isibonelo, i-benzoic acid salicylic acid ointment iyimithi yokwelapha eyenziwe nge-polymerizing salicylic acid ne-benzoic acid, engavimbela ngempumelelo isikhunta esikhumbeni nasezindaweni ezingaphandle.

 

I-Benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo kuvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ezinye izidakamizwa ze-antifungal, njengezinhlanganisela ze-imidazole benzoate, ezinomsebenzi we-antifungal obanzi futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zesikhunta.

 

Sebenzisa kuzimonyo kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu

 

Ama-preservatives kanye nama-antibacterial agents:

 

I-Benzoic acid kanye nosawoti wayo (njenge-sodium benzoate) inezindawo ezinhle zokulwa namagciwane futhi ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwama-microorganisms, okuhlanganisa amagciwane, isikhunta, nemvubelo. Ezimonyoni nasezikhiqizweni zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, lezi zici zisiza ukuvimbela ukonakala komkhiqizo futhi zelule impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo.

 

Ngenxa ye-acidity ye-benzoic acid, ingakha indawo engafanele ukukhula kwamagciwane, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele imikhiqizo ekungcoleni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni equkethe amanzi nezinye izithako ezibolayo, njengezithako zokugcoba, ukhilimu wobuso, ama-shampoos, namajeli okugeza.

 

Izithako ze-skincare nemikhiqizo yezinwele:

 

Emikhiqizweni ye-skincare, i-benzoic acid ingasiza ekugcineni ukuzinza nokuphepha komkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni equkethe izithako ezisebenzayo. Lezi zithako ezisebenzayo zingase zibe sengozini yokungcoliswa kwamagciwane, futhi ukungezwa kwe-benzoic acid kunganciphisa ngempumelelo le ngozi.

 

Emikhiqizweni yezinwele, i-benzoic acid ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa nje kuphela njengesilondolozi, kodwa futhi njenge-conditioner. Ingathuthukisa ukuthungwa kwezinwele, yenze kube lula ukukama, futhi isize ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-dandruff.

 

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane, i-benzoic acid iphinde isetshenziswe kweminye imikhiqizo eqondise izinduna nezinye izinkinga zesikhumba ukusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuvuvukala nokutheleleka.

 

Sebenzisa kuzimonyo kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu

 

Ama-preservatives kanye nama-antibacterial agents:

 

I-Benzoic acid kanye nosawoti wayo (njenge-sodium benzoate) inezindawo ezinhle zokulwa namagciwane futhi ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwama-microorganisms, okuhlanganisa amagciwane, isikhunta, nemvubelo. Ezimonyoni nasezikhiqizweni zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, lezi zici zisiza ukuvimbela ukonakala komkhiqizo futhi zelule impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo.

 

Ngenxa ye-acidity ye-benzoic acid, ingakha indawo engafanele ukukhula kwamagciwane, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele imikhiqizo ekungcoleni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni equkethe amanzi nezinye izithako ezibolayo, njengezithako zokugcoba, ukhilimu wobuso, ama-shampoos, namajeli okugeza.

 

Izithako ze-skincare nemikhiqizo yezinwele:

 

Emikhiqizweni ye-skincare, i-benzoic acid ingasiza ekugcineni ukuzinza nokuphepha komkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni equkethe izithako ezisebenzayo. Lezi zithako ezisebenzayo zingase zibe lula ekungcolisweni kwamagciwane, futhi ukungezwa kwe-benzoic acid kunganciphisa ngempumelelo le ngozi.

 

Emikhiqizweni yezinwele, i-benzoic acid ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa nje kuphela njengesilondolozi, kodwa futhi njenge-conditioner. Ingathuthukisa ukuthungwa kwezinwele, yenze kube lula ukukama, futhi isize ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-dandruff.

 

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane, i-benzoic acid iphinde isetshenziswe kweminye imikhiqizo eqondise izinduna nezinye izinkinga zesikhumba ukusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuvuvukala nokutheleleka.

 

Izithasiselo embonini yepulasitiki neyokumboza

 

Ukwandisa impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki:

 

I-Benzoic acid, njengesengezo sepulasitiki, ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki okubangelwa isenzo se-microbial, ngaleyo ndlela yandise impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Izici ezilwa namagciwane ze-benzoic acid zisiza ukuvikela izinto zepulasitiki ekuhlaselweni kwamagciwane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezifudumele, lapho lo mphumela wokuvikela ubaluleke kakhulu.

I-Benzoic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-antioxidant ukuvimbela izinto zepulasitiki ekugugeni ngenxa ye-oxidation, ukugcina ukuzinza kwezakhiwo ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali epulasitiki, nokunciphisa izenzakalo ezifana ne-embrittlement kanye nokushintsha umbala okubangelwa i-oxidation.

 

Ukwenza ngcono ukuqina nokuzinza kwe-coatings:

 

Embonini kapende, i-benzoic acid kanye nosawoti bayo (njenge-sodium benzoate) kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezilondolozi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane okunamathela ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokusetshenziswa, kanye nokugcina ukuqina nokufana kwezingubo zokugqoka.

 

I-Benzoic acid ingaphinde ithuthukise ukuqina kwezingubo ngokuvimbela ukukhula kwe-microbial, ukunciphisa izinkinga ezingaba khona ezifana nesikhunta nokubola ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela yandise impilo yesevisi yezingubo futhi ivikele ubuqotho bayo.

 

Ukuhlanganiswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-benzoic acid

 

Izindlela nezindlela zokuhlanganisa:

 

I-Benzoic acid ingatholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwenziwa, okuhlanganisa i-oxidation yama-alcohols nama-aldehydes, i-hydrolysis ye-nitriles, kanye nokusabela kwe-halogenation yama-methyl ketones. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko zezimboni zifaka i-phthalic anhydride water decarboxylation, i-toluene chlorination hydrolysis, kanye ne-toluene liquid-phase oxidation. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-toluene liquid-phase oxidation okwamanje iyindlela eyinhloko yezimboni yokulungisa i-benzoic acid, kodwa le ndlela inezinkinga ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokungcoliswa okuphezulu kwemvelo.

 

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuze kuthuthukiswe imizila yokuhlanganisa ehambisana nemvelo, abantu baye baqala ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide njenge-oxidant kanye ne-benzaldehyde njengento eluhlaza yokwenza i-benzoic acid. Le ndlela kancane kancane ivuse intshisekelo yabantu ngoba inomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko ze-toluene oxidation.

 

Umthelela wendawo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza:

 

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-benzoic acid ingase ikhiqize imikhiqizo eyingozi kanye nokungcola, okungaba nomthelela emvelweni. Isibonelo, indlela ye-toluene oxidation ingase ikhiqize udoti oqinile njenge-manganese dioxide kanye nokungcola okufana negesi ye-organic waste ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

 

Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, amanye amabhizinisi athathe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcola. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuqoqwa nokwelashwa kwesisi esikhipha umoya, izindinganiso ezihambisanayo zokukhipha umoya ziyasetshenziswa, kuyilapho amanzi angcolile ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphuma ngemva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo.

 

Ukulungiswa nokugunyazwa kwemibiko yomphumela wemvelo kanye neminye imibhalo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yokukhiqiza inciphisa umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile. Le mibiko izohlinzeka ngencazelo enemininingwane yomthelela ongaba khona wephrojekthi endaweni ezungezile futhi iphakamise izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuvimbela nokulawula.

 

Amathemba emakethe we-benzoic acid

 

Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo:

 

Ngokwemibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, isilinganiso senani leyunithi ye-benzoic acid sikhuphuke sisuka ku-6700 yuan/ton ngo-2017 saya ku-8000 yuan/ton ngo-2022, okubonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe se-benzoic acid. Kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2021, ngenxa yesidingo esinamandla emakethe esezansi nomfula kanye nokushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngenxa ye-COVID-19, intengo ye-benzoic acid izokhuphuka.

 

Ngo-2020, ivolumu yokuthengisa kanye nemali engenayo ye-benzoic acid e-China yehle ngo-1.53% no-8.22% unyaka nonyaka, ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwalolu bhubhane kanye nokululama ngokushesha kwemboni, umthamo wokuthengisa we-benzoic acid e-China ukhuphuke wafinyelela kumathani ayi-160600 ngo-2022, ngokukhula okubonakalayo kwemali engenayo yokuthengisa.

 

Ithrendi yokuthuthukisa:

 

Intengo emaphakathi yanyanga zonke ye-benzoic acid emakethe ifinyelele ku-9563.46 yuan/ton ngo-2022, okukhuphuke ngo-29.36% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2021, okubonisa isidingo esinamandla semakethe se-benzoic acid. Yize isilinganiso sanyanga zonke sentengo yemakethe sehlile ngo-2023, usayizi wemakethe usuwonke usakhula.

 

Ngokombiko we-QYResearch, ukuthengiswa kwemakethe ye-benzoic acid emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele ku-$100 million ngo-2022 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokukhula kuze kube ngu-2029, okubonisa isidingo esizinzile sesikhathi eside se-benzoic acid emakethe.

 

Izindawo ezingaba khona zezicelo ezivelayo:

 

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwendabuko ekukhiqizeni i-sodium benzoate, i-benzoic acid iphinde isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-benzoate esters, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezinga lezimboni kanye nokudla. I-Benzoic acid esters iyimikhiqizo ethembisa kakhulu ye-benzoic acid esikhathini esizayo, futhi ayimikhiqizo amabhizinisi ayibeka phambili futhi ayithuthuke.

 

Ama-Plasticizer asetshenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke izithasiselo zepulasitiki, anamandla okukhiqiza angamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1 eChina. Ama-Plasticizers ikakhulukazi aqukethe ama-phthalates asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi amanani aphezulu, okubalelwa ku-70% kuya ku-90% wokusetshenziswa. Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 engqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwama-plasticizer asetshenziselwa i-PVC resin, kuyilapho u-10% osele usetshenziselwa izinsalela ze-cellulose ezinhlobonhlobo, ama-polyester angenalutho, ama-epoxy resins, ama-vinyl acetate resins, neminye imikhiqizo yerabha yokwenziwa, ehlinzeka ngamathemba abanzi okusebenza kwe-benzoic acid.

 

I-Benzoic acid ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-fixative noma i-preservative, njenge-preservative eziphuzweni zejusi yezithelo. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-paste ye-essence yamakha, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemithi, isithwali sikadayi, i-plasticizer, izinongo, isilondolozi sokudla, njll., isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-alkyd resin coatings, esetshenziswa njengendawo ephakathi kwemithi kanye nodayi, futhi isetshenziswe njenge-anti-rust ejenti yemishini yensimbi.

 

isiphetho

 

Ukusebenza okuningi:

 

I-Benzoic acid isebenza njenge-preservative kanye ne-ejenti yesinongo embonini yokudla, ivikela ukudla ekungcoleni kwamagciwane ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukunambitheka nokunambitha kwayo.

 

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, i-benzoic acid kanye nokuphuma kwayo kusetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokubulala izinzwa zendawo nasekulungiseni izidakamizwa ezilwa nesikhunta, okwenza kube negalelo elikhulu empilweni yomuntu.

 

Emikhiqizo yezimonyo neyokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, i-benzoic acid isebenza njenge-preservative and antibacterial agent, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokuzinza komkhiqizo.

 

I-Benzoic acid, njengesengezo embonini yepulasitiki neyokumboza, inganweba impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo, ithuthukise ukuqina nokuzinza kwayo.

 

Ukuthuthukiswa kwekusasa:

 

Ngokukhula kwemithetho eqinile yezemvelo kanye nokukhathazeka okwandayo kwabathengi ngempilo nekhwalithi, isidingo se-benzoic acid ehlanzekile sikhula kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yokudla, yezimonyo, nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.

 

Amandla e-benzoic acid emikhakheni yezicelo ezisafufusa azobhekwa kancane kancane, njengakwi-biomedical, nanotechnology, kanye nezinto ezithinta imvelo, ezingase zilethe amaphuzu amasha okukhula.

 

Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono izindlela zokukhiqiza kuzosiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza i-benzoic acid, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kunciphise umthelela wemvelo, futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko esimeme yemboni.