Ukubuka: 24 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-01-31 Umsuka: Isayithi
I-acetic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-acetic acid, iyi-asidi ephilayo elula enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi CH æ COOH. Iwuketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elimnandi futhi iyisithako esivamile kuviniga. I-acetic acid ingakhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-oxidation ye-ethylene noma nge-oxidation ye-acetaldehyde ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa.
I-acetic acid inezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi. Embonini yokudla, yiyona ingxenye eyinhloko kaviniga, esetshenziselwa isithokelo kanye ne-pickling. Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, i-acetic acid iwumthombo obalulekile wokukhiqiza ama-organic compounds amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-cellulose acetate, i-vinyl acetate, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acetic acid iphinde isetshenziswe ekulungiseleleni imithi, i-solvents, nezimonyo.
I-acetic acid nayo inokuphuma okubalulekile okubalulekile, okufana ne-acetic anhydride ne-acetate, enezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali. Sekukonke, i-acetic acid idlala indima ebalulekile embonini nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
I-acetic acid inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zendabuko emlandweni. Okulandelayo okunye ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwe-acetic acid:
Isinongo sokudla: I-acetic acid iyisithako esivamile kuviniga esisetshenziselwa isinongo nokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kokudla. Emasikweni ahlukene nasezindaweni zokudla, i-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imifino, ukwenza amasoso, nokwenza amasaladi.
Ukulondolozwa kokudla: Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane, i-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa nokugcinwa kokudla. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu babevame ukusebenzisa uviniga ukuze balondoloze ukudla futhi bandise impilo yakho yeshalofu.
I-Herbal Vinegar: Emithini yendabuko, uviniga we-herbal uyilungiselelo elivamile le-herbal elikhipha izithako ezisebenzayo zamakhambi ngokuwacwilisa kuviniga bese uwenza ube yisixazululo sokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha noma ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.
I-ejenti yokuhlanza: Ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo, i-acetic acid isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza, engasetshenziswa ukuhlanza izindawo, ukususa isikali, nokuqeda iphunga. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwendabuko kusesekhona ezindlini nasekukhiqizeni imisebenzi yezandla.
Ukwelashwa kwesikhumba: Izingcweti zesikhumba zasendulo zazisebenzisa i-acetic ukwelapha isikhumba sesilwane ukuze sithambe futhi silondolozeke. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukushuka kwe-acetic acid futhi isetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo yesikhumba.
Ukulungisa udayi: Embonini kadayi, i-acetic acid isetshenziswa njengendlela yokulungisa odayi, ibasize banamathele ngokuqinile emicu.
I-acetic acid isetshenziswa kaningi embonini futhi ibandakanya izimboni ezahlukene. Okulandelayo ezinye zezicelo ezinkulu zezimboni:
Imboni yamakhemikhali: I-acetic acid iyimpahla eluhlaza ebalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi ze-organic synthesis, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali afana ne-cellulose acetate, i-vinyl acetate, ne-butyl acetate. Lezi zinhlanganisela zisebenza kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nezindwangu, amapulasitiki, kanye nama-coatings.
Imboni yezemithi: I-acetic acid isetshenziswa njengento ebalulekile emaphakathi ekuhlanganiseni kwezidakamizwa. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekulungiseni izidakamizwa, njengezidakamizwa ezithile ze-acetate nezidakamizwa ze-acetate.
Imboni yokudla: I-acetic acid iyingxenye eyinhloko kaviniga wokudla, esetshenziselwa isinongo, ukukhuphula, nokulungiselela isoso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesengezo sokudla ukulungisa i-asidi.
Imboni yesikhumba: I-acetic acid isetshenziswa njengesithako sokushukwa kwesikhumba enqubweni yokushukwa kwesikhumba, esiza ukuthambisa isikhumba futhi andise ukuqina kwaso.
Ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane: I-acetic acid ivame ukusetshenziswa ekulungiseni izinto zokuhlanza, ezingasetshenziswa ukususa isikali, ukuhlanza izindawo, nokuqeda iphunga. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-antibacterial, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesibulala-magciwane semvelo.
Imboni yokudaya: I-acetic acid isebenza njengesixazululi sikadayi ukuze isize odayi banamathele ngokuqinile kumafayibha futhi bathuthukise ukuqina kokudaya.
Ezolimo: I-acetic acid ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ensimini yezolimo, njenge-fungicide noma ukulungisa inhlabathi pH.
Imboni yezindwangu: I-acetic acid idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni okuthambisayo nasekulungiseni umbala wezindwangu.
Ukulondolozwa kokudla: I-acetic acid inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antioxidant, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesivikelo ekudleni. Ingavimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane, isikhunta, nemvubelo, futhi yandise impilo yeshalofu yokudla. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwengeza i-acetic emifino efakwe emanzini anosawoti, amasoso, nezinongo kungasiza ekugcineni ubusha nekhwalithi yokudla.
Ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka: I-acetic acid iyinto ene-asidi esetshenziswa ekudleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunambitheka kanye nezinongo. Ukunambitheka kwayo okumuncu kungavusa isifiso sokudla, kuthuthukise ukunambitheka kokudla, futhi kukwenze kuqabule. I-acidity ye-acetic acid ingabuye ilinganise futhi ithuthukise ukunambitheka kwezinye izithako, okwenza izitsha zibe mnandi kakhulu.
Isoso nesinongo: I-acetic acid ingenye yezingxenye eziyisisekelo zamasoso amaningi nezinongo. Isibonelo, i-acetic acid iyisici esiyinhloko ekwenzeni isaladi yokugqoka, i-soy sauce, isinaphi, i-tomato sauce, njll. Ayinikezi nje kuphela le mikhiqizo ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi idlala indima ethile ekulweni nokubola.
Ukukhetha nokukhetha: I-acetic acid isetshenziswa kakhulu enqubweni yokukhetha nokuqoqa. Ivimbela ukonakaliswa kokudla ngokunikeza indawo ene-acidic futhi ilethe ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele. Ukudla okufakwe emanzini anosawoti okufana namakhukhamba afakwe emanzini anosawoti kanye nopelepele ofakwe emanzini anosawoti ngokuvamile kusebenzisa i-acetic njengesinongo esiyinhloko.
I-Acetobacter fermentation: Ukuvutshelwa kwe-acetobacter kuyasetshenziswa embonini yokudla ukukhiqiza uviniga. I-acetic acid ekhiqizwa phakathi nale nqubo yokuvutshelwa inikeza i-asidi kaviniga kanye nokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele, okuwenza ube isinongo esibalulekile sezitsha eziningi nokudla.
Imiphumela elwa namagciwane kanye ne-antifungal: I-acetic acid inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antifungal ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziswa ezinkingeni zesikhumba ezifana nokutheleleka kwefungal ezinziphoni njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwendawo.
Ibhalansi yesisekelo se-Acid: Ukudla okusesilinganisweni kwe-acetic acid kungafinyelela ibhalansi ye-acid-base emzimbeni, kusize ekugcineni indawo enempilo yokuphila. Kodwa-ke, ukudla kufanele kube okulinganiselwe, njengoba ukudla ngokweqile kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi.
Ukulawula ushukela wegazi: Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-acetic acid ingaba nomthelela othile wokulawula emazingeni kashukela egazini, okungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin. Lokhu kwenza i-acetic acid ibe nezinzuzo ezithile ezingaba khona ekulawulweni kwesifo sikashukela nasekulawuleni ushukela egazini.
Ukulawula ukudla: Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukudla i-acetic acid encane ngaphambi kokudla kungase kusize ukulawula isifiso sokudla futhi kubambezele ijubane lokudla okudlula emgudwini wamathumbu, ngaleyo ndlela kube nesandla ekulawuleni isisindo ngezinga elithile.
Izakhiwo ze-Antioxidant: I-acetic acid inezindawo ezithile zokulwa ne-antioxidant, ezisiza ukulwa nokukhiqizwa kwama-radicals mahhala. Ama-Antioxidants anomphumela omuhle ekugcineni impilo yamaselula nokuvimbela izifo ezingapheli.
Ukunyibilika: I-acetic acid inokunyibilika okuhle futhi ingancibilikisa isikali, umcako, nezinye izinto ezifakwa amanzi aqinile. Lokhu kuyenza ibe inketho ekahle yokuhlanza izindawo ezinjengamasinki, obhavu, nompompi.
I-Deodorant: I-acetic acid inomphumela wokukhipha iphunga ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezine-acidic kanye nezishintshashintshayo. Ingasetshenziswa ukususa iphunga ezindaweni ezinjengamakhishi, iziqandisi, namathini kadoti, futhi yenze umoya ube ngcono.
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane: I-acetic acid inezindawo ezithile zokulwa namagciwane futhi ingavimbela ukukhula kwamanye amagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Lokhu kuyenza ibe nomthelela othile we-bactericidal lapho ihlanzwa futhi ibulala amagciwane.
Ingilazi yokuhlanza: I-acetic acid isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlanza ingaphezulu lengilazi, isusa ngempumelelo isikali, izigxivizo zeminwe, namanye amabala, okwenza ingilazi ibonakale kakhudlwana.
Ukukhipha amafutha: I-acetic acid ingasiza ekuncibilikiseni futhi isuse amafutha, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izindawo ezinamafutha njengendawo yasekhishini, izitofu, nama-hood hood.
Amapayipi okuhlanza: Ngenxa yokuncibilika kwawo, i-acetic acid ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanza amapayipi, ukususa ukungcola nokuvimbekile ngaphakathi kwamapayipi.
Esikhundleni sezithambisa izingubo: I-acetic acid ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sezithambisa izingubo, yenze izingubo zithambe futhi isize ekususeni okokuhlanza okuyinsalela nokubulala amagciwane.
Ukulawulwa komhlabathi: I-acetic acid ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula i-pH yenhlabathi. Kwezinye izimo, inani elifanele le-acetic acid lingasiza ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi ene-asidi, kwandise ukuvunda kwenhlabathi, futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo.
I-Herbicide: I-acetic acid isetshenziswa njenge-herbicide yemvelo. Inomthelela othize wokukhula kolunye ukhula oluvamile, ngakho-ke kwezolimo eziphilayo, abantu bavame ukusebenzisa i-acetic acid esikhundleni semithi yokubulala ukhula yamakhemikhali.
Ukuvimbela nokulawulwa kwezifo ezikhuntayo: I-acetic acid inezindawo zokulwa nesikhunta futhi ngokwezinga elithile ingavimbela futhi ilawule izifo ezithile zezitshalo. Le ndlela yokuvimbela nokulawula inesicelo esithile sokulima okuphilayo kanye nezolimo eziluhlaza.
Impilo ye-Orchard: Ekuphathweni kwensimu yezithelo, i-acetic acid ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa ezinye izifutho zezempilo zesihlahla sezithelo. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula izifo kwezinye izihlahla zezithelo nokwenza ngcono izinga lezithelo.
Ukugcinwa kwezithelo nemifino: I-acetic acid ingasetshenziselwa ukugcina izithelo nemifino. Ngokukhiqiza izimo ezine-asidi endaweni yokugcina, i-acetic isiza ukubambezela ukubola kwezithelo nemifino kanye nokukhula kwamabhaktheriya, kunwebe impilo yabo yeshalofu.
Ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi: Kwezinye izindawo zezolimo, i-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukwelapha inhlabathi engcoliswe ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezibulala-zinambuzane noma amanye amakhemikhali. I-acetic acid ngezinye izikhathi ingasiza ekubambezeleni imiphumela yezinye izinto eziyingozi.
Ezolimo zemvelo: Kokubili ukulima kwezemvelo kanye nemvelo, abantu bavame ukusebenzisa izindlela zemvelo nezinobungani nemvelo. Izakhiwo zemvelo ze-acetic acid zenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kulawa mamodeli wezolimo.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Volatile organic compound (VOC): i-acetic acid inokuguquguquka okuthile, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa kwezinye izinto zokuhlanza nemikhiqizo yokufutha. Lokhu kungase kuholele ekukhishweni kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo emoyeni, okunomthelela othile kwikhwalithi yomoya.
Umthelela womhlabathi namanzi: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile noma ukuchitheka kwe-acetic acid emhlabathini kungase kuthinte ibhalansi ye-acid-base yomhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise ukuvunda kwenhlabathi nokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-acetic acid igeleza emanzini, ingaba nomthelela othile omubi kwikhwalithi yamanzi.
Umthelela we-ecosystem: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-acetic acid njengesibulala-khula noma i-ejenti yokulawula kwezolimo kungase kube nomthelela ku-ecosystem ezungezile. Kungase kuthinte ukusinda nokusebenza kwama-microorganisms enhlabathini namanye amalungu e-ecosystem.
Inqubo yokupakisha nokukhiqiza: Inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokupakishwa kwe-acetic acid ingase ibandakanye ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, futhi umthelela ongaba khona endaweni ezungezile udinga ukucatshangelwa. Lokhu kubandakanya izici ezifana nokuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokulahlwa kukadoti.
Ukunciphisa umthelela omubi ongaba khona we-acetic acid emvelweni, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo: Uma usebenzisa i-acetic acid, ukugxila okunconyiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kufanele kulandelwe ukugwema ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokunciphisa imithelela engaba khona kwezemvelo.
Ukukhethwa kwemikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo: Khetha imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe evumelana nemvelo ngokuvamile ebhekwa njengefanele imvelo phakathi nokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa.
Ukuphatha imfucuza: Emikhiqizweni equkethe i-acetic acid esetshenzisiwe, izindlela ezifanele zokulawula imfucuza kufanele zithathwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuchitheka ngokungafanele endaweni ezungezile.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu emhlabeni jikelele be-acetic acid bahlanganisa i-China, i-United States, i-India, i-Russia, i-Brazil, nabanye.
I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-acetic acid emhlabeni, enamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza, asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi njengamakhemikhali, ukudla, nemithi.
I-acetic acid isetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, ihlanganisa izinkambu eziningi ezifana nokudla, imithi, amakhemikhali, ukuhlanza, nezolimo.
Embonini yokudla, i-acetic acid iyingxenye eyinhloko kaviniga, esetshenziselwa isinongo, ukukhuphula, nokugcina ukudla.
Embonini yezemithi, i-acetic acid iyindawo ephakathi kwezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa.
Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-organic compounds ahlukahlukene, njenge-cellulose acetate, i-vinyl acetate, njll.
Emikhiqizweni yokuhlanza, i-acetic acid ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye yama-ejenti okuhlanza ukususa isikali, izindawo ezihlanzekile, nokuqeda iphunga.
Kwezolimo, i-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukulawula inhlabathi, ukulawula ukhula, ukuvimbela izifo, nezinye izici.
Ngokukhula kwesidingo semikhiqizo eluhlaza nesimeme kanye nokugxila okwandayo kuma-ejenti okuhlanza emvelo kanye nezolimo eziphilayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-acetic acid kule mikhakha kungase kuqhubeke ukwanda.
Amathemba emakethe e-acetic acid nokuphuma kwayo athonywa yizinto ezahlukahlukene njengoshintsho ekwakhekeni kwezimboni zomhlaba wonke, ukwakhiwa kwemithetho yezemvelo, kanye nokuvela kokuthandwa ngabathengi.
Izinto zokuzivikela: Lapho usebenzisa i-acetic acid, izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele njengezibuko, amagilavu, nezingubo zokuzivikela kufanele zigqokwe. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela i-acetic ukuthi ingathintani nesikhumba, amehlo, noma ezinye izindawo ezibucayi.
Izimo zokungenisa umoya: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, qinisekisa ukungena komoya okuhle endaweni yokusebenza ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana komhwamuko we-acetic acid. Uma usebenzisa ezindaweni ezivalekile, kungenzeka ucabangele ukusebenzisa isistimu yendawo yokukhipha umoya noma ukugqoka izinto ezifanele zokuvikela ukuphefumula.
Gwema ukuxutshwa: I-acetic acid ingase ikhiqize amagesi anobuthi lapho ixutshwe namanye amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi i-ammonia. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi usebenzisa i-acetic acid, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuxubana namakhemikhali angahambelani ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile.
Hlala kude nemithombo yomlilo: I-acetic acid iwuketshezi oluvuthayo futhi kufanele igcinwe kude namalangabi avulekile kanye nemithombo yokushisa ephezulu. Gcina kude namalangabi avulekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza, vimbela ukubhema, futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza.
Izimo zokubeka: I-acetic acid kufanele igcinwe endaweni eyomile futhi engenawo umoya, kude nelanga eliqondile. Kufanele kugwenywe ukuxubana nama-oxidants kanye ne-organic matter.
Ukulungiselela usizo lokuqala: Uma usebenzisa i-acetic acid, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ezihambisanayo. Uma uhlangana nesikhumba, amehlo, noma ukuhogela amagesi ayingozi ngengozi, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ngokushesha futhi kufunwe nosizo lwezokwelapha.
Gcina kude nezingane: I-acetic acid kufanele ibekwe endaweni lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthintana ngengozi.
Ukulahlwa ngendlela efanele: Imfucuza ngemva kokusetshenziswa kufanele ilahlwe ngendlela efanele ngokuvumelana nemithetho yendawo. Ungachithi udoti emithonjeni yamanzi noma endaweni ezungezile.
Naka amalebula nemiyalelo: Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-acetic acid, funda ngokucophelela ilebula yomkhiqizo kanye nemiyalelo ukuze uqinisekise ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa okufanele kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile.
