Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda ekwenzeni insipho

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda ekwenzeni insipho

 

Insipho iyi-ejenti yokuhlanza yasendulo, ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe ngosawoti onamafutha amaningi. Ukukhiqizwa kwensipho kuvame ukufezwa ngokusabela kwe-saponification, okubandakanya ukusabela kwamafutha (njengamafutha ezilwane nezitshalo, amafutha) ane-caustic soda. I-Caustic soda idlala izindima ezibalulekile ezilandelayo kule nqubo:

 

1. I-ejenti ye-saponification

 

I-alkali ihlangana ne-triglycerides emafutheni nasemafutheni ukuze ikhiqize insipho (okungukuthi ama-fatty acid salts aphezulu) kanye ne-glycerol. Phakathi nale nqubo, indawo ye-alkaline ye-caustic soda yenza kube lula ukusabela kwe-saponification futhi ithuthukise umkhiqizo wensipho.

 

2. ukulawulwa kwe-pH

 

Isoda iphinde isetshenziselwe ukulawula inani le-pH lezingxube zensipho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi insipho iyakha endaweni efanelekile ene-alkali. Inani le-pH elifanele alisizi kuphela ngomphumela wokuhlanza insipho, kodwa futhi lithinta ubulukhuni nokuqina kwayo.

 

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda ekwenzeni okokuhlanza

 

Izihlanzi zesimanje ngokuvamile ziqukethe izingxenye eziningi, njengama-surfactants, izinsiza zokuhlanza, iziqinisi, nama-ejenti amhlophe. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-caustic soda ekwenzeni okokuhlanza kuhlanganisa:

 

1. Ukukhiqiza ama-surfactants

 

Ama-surfactants amaningi ezinto zokuhlanza, njenge-alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) kanye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates (AEOS), adinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda ukuze kutholakale ukungathathi hlangothi ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ukuze kukhiqizwe i-surfactant yokugcina.

 

2. Ukulungiswa kwefomula

 

I-alkali ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa inani le-pH lezihlanzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wazo wokuhlanza nokuzinza. Inani le-pH elifanele lisiza ukukhulisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme ezintweni zokuhlanza, okuwenza asebenze kangcono ekususeni amabala.

 

Indlela yokusebenza ye-caustic soda

 

Indlela yokusebenza ye-caustic soda ibonakala ikakhulukazi kumakhemikhali ayo:

 

1. Ukusabela kwe-saponification

 

Isoda ithola ukusabela kwe-saponification ne-triglycerides emafutheni nasemafutheni, ikhiqiza insipho ne-glycerol. Lokhu ukusabela okujwayelekile kwe-ester hydrolysis, futhi indawo eqinile ye-alkaline ye-caustic soda isiza ukusheshisa ukusabela.

 

2. Ukusabela kokungathathi hlangothi

 

I-alkali ingabhekana nokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi ngezinto ezine-asidi, ikhiqize amanzi nosawoti. Ekwenzeni okokuhlanza, i-caustic soda isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezine-asidi ezikhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza izinto ezifakwa emanzini zingasebenzi, kanye nokulawula inani le-pH lomkhiqizo wokugcina.

 

Umthelela we-caustic soda endaweni ezungezile

 

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda kuzoba nomthelela othile emvelweni. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza insipho nesihlanzi, uma amanzi angcolile enganakiwe kahle, ukugcwala okuphezulu kwamanzi angcolile ane-alkaline angabangela umonakalo ku-ecosystem yasemanzini. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi akhiqizayo adinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ukuze anciphise umthelela wawo emvelweni.

 

Isu lentuthuko esimeme

 

Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imboni yensipho neyokuhlanza ifuna izindlela zokukhiqiza ezingayingcolisi imvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

 

1. Ukwenza ngcono inqubo

 

Ngokulungiselela inqubo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda kuyehla, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuyathuthukiswa.

 

2. Umnotho oyindilinga

 

Gqugquzela ukugaywa kabusha kwe-caustic soda, unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.

 

3. Ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa

 

Yakha futhi usebenzise amanye amakhemikhali angavumelani nemvelo ukuze unciphise ukuthembela ku-caustic soda futhi unciphise izingozi zemvelo phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.

 

i-epilogue

 

I-Soda idlala indima engenakushintshwa ekwenziweni kwensipho nezinto zokuhlanza, idlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic soda kuletha nezinkinga zemvelo ezidinga ukuxazululwa ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphatha kahle. Ngokuzayo, imboni yensipho neyokuhlanza izoqhubeka nokuhlola izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezinobungani nemvelo ukuze kuzuzwe intuthuko esimeme.