Ukubuka: 22 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-04-06 Umsuka: Isayithi
Ivumelana nemvelo: Njengekhemikhali eluhlaza, umoya-mpilo kanye ne-sodium carbonate ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-sodium percarbonate ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ayinabungozi emvelweni, okuyenza ibe indawo ekahle yamakhemikhali amaningi endabuko futhi isiza ukunciphisa umthelela omubi wokukhiqizwa kwezimboni endaweni ezungezile.
Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu: Ukusebenza okuqinile kwe-oxidation ye-sodium percarbonate kuyenza ibe yinhle kakhulu ekususeni amabala, ukuvala amagciwane kanye nokubulala amagciwane, ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho izindlela zendabuko zinzima khona ukuzelapha. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-sodium percarbonate kugqame kakhulu.
Ukuphepha: Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-oxidant aqinile, ukusetshenziswa nokwelashwa kwe-sodium percarbonate kuphephe kakhulu, kunciphisa ubungozi bokuphepha ezinhlelweni zemboni.
I-Multifunctionality: I-sodium percarbonate ayikwazi nje ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuxubha kanye nesibulala-magciwane, kodwa futhi njengomnikezeli we-oxygen, i-ejenti yokuhlanza, nezinye izinjongo, okwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni yezimboni.
I-sodium percarbonate iyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe yinhlanganisela ye-sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) ne-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Ngokuvamile kubonakala njenge-granular emhlophe noma okuqinile okuyimpuphu, okuncibilika kalula emanzini.
I-Oxidativeness: I-sodium percarbonate ihlukana kalula ibe yi-sodium carbonate ne-hydrogen peroxide emanzini. I-hydrogen peroxide inezindawo eziqinile zokuhlanganisa i-oxidizing futhi ingabulala amabhaktheriya nama-microorganisms, kuyilapho iphinde ibe nomphumela wokufiphaza.
I-alkalinity: Isixazululo esinamanzi se-sodium percarbonate siyi-alkaline, enenani le-pH elicishe libe ngu-10-11 kusixazululo esinamanzi esingu-3%.
Ukuzwela ukushisa: I-sodium percarbonate ijwayele ukubola lapho ibhekene nokushisa endaweni eyomile, ikhiqiza i-sodium carbonate, amanzi, nomoya-mpilo.
Izindlela zokulungiselela ze-sodium percarbonate ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili: indlela eyomile nendlela emanzi:
I-sodium carbonate aqueous solution ne-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution zifuthwa ezinhlamvini zekristalu ye-sodium percarbonate emoyeni ogelezayo, zomisiwe futhi zivunyelwe ukuba zikhule.
Faka i-hydrogen peroxide ngokuqondile ezinhlayiyeni ze-Na2CO3 bese wenza ukusabela.
Umkhiqizo oqediwe utholakala ngokusabela, ngokucwebezelisa, nokomisa isixazululo esinamanzi se-hydrogen peroxide ne-sodium carbonate ezingeni lokushisa elithile ku-reactor ehlala njalo noma eqhubekayo.
Inqubo emanzi iyinqubo yokukhiqiza esetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje, ikakhulukazi ehlanganisa indlela yokufutha, indlela ye-crystallization kanye nendlela ye-alcoholsis.
Ukuzinza kwe-sodium percarbonate kuyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo okungokoqobo. Ukuzinza kuthinteka kakhulu yizici ezilandelayo:
Umswakamo wendawo kanye nezinga lokushisa: Ukuzinza kwe-sodium percarbonate kuncipha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa futhi kubolakala kalula ezindaweni ezinomswakama.
Okuqukethwe kokungcola kwensimbi: Ama-ion ensimbi esindayo ezintweni ezingavuthiwe angakhuthaza ukubola kwe-sodium percarbonate futhi anciphise ukuzinza kwayo.
Ukwengezwa kwama-stabilizers: Ngokungeza izinto ezingaphili kanye ne-organic ukwenza ama-chelates ane-ion yensimbi, noma ngokufaka izinhlayiya ze-sodium percarbonate ngezinhlanganisela ezithile ze-organic kanye ne-inorganic ukuze zihlukanise ukuxhumana nomoya omswakama, ukuzinza kwe-sodium percarbonate kungathuthukiswa.
Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, ukuhlanzwa nokugcinwa kwemishini kanye nemishini kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium percarbonate kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza, kunciphise izindleko zokulungisa izinto zokusebenza, futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yemishini.
Umphumela wokuhlanza: Isakhiwo esiqinile se-oxidizing ye-sodium percarbonate ingasiza ukubola nokususa uwoyela, uthuli, nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifakwa phezu kwezinto zokusebenza.
Ukuphepha: Njengoba i-oxygen ne-sodium carbonate ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-sodium percarbonate ingenabungozi emvelweni, ngeke idale ukugqwala noma kulimaze okokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuhlanza.
Ubungane bemvelo: I-sodium percarbonate, njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza imvelo, inciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-ejenti okuhlanza amakhemikhali endabuko.
I-sodium percarbonate inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ekususeni amafutha kanye namabala anenkani, ikakhulukazi uma ubhekene nezindawo okunzima ukuzihlanza, umphumela wawo ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukususwa kwamabala kawoyela: I-sodium percarbonate ingabolisa ngempumelelo amafutha namafutha, futhi ibe nomphumela omuhle wokuhlanza amabala kawoyela ezintweni eziwumshini, amabala kawoyela wokupheka ezintweni zasekhishini, kanye nokungcoliswa kukawoyela ekukhiqizeni izimboni.
Amabala anenkani: I-sodium percarbonate iphinde ibe nomthelela omuhle wokususa amabala anenkani njengokunqwabelana kwesikhathi eside kwamabala, amamaki ashile, amamaki ayinki, njll.
Ukuvala inzalo nokubulala amagciwane: Ngaphezu komsebenzi wayo wokuhlanza, i-sodium percarbonate ingaphinda ibulale amagciwane nama-microorganisms, inikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kokubulala amagciwane kumishini nezindawo.
Lapho usebenzisa i-sodium carbonate ekuhlanzeni izimboni, izindlela ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo: Hlanganisa inani elifanele le-sodium percarbonate namanzi futhi ulungise ukugxila ngokwezinga lamabala.
Fafaza noma Gcoba: Fafaza isixazululo se-sodium bicarbonate emishinini noma ezindaweni ezidinga ukuhlanzwa, noma cwilisa izingxenye zempahla esixazululweni.
Isikhathi sokwenza: Vumela isixazululo se-sodium carbonate sisebenze phezu kwendawo yokusebenza isikhathi esithile ukuze kubole ngokuphelele amabala.
Ukuhlanza nokomisa: Hlanza indawo ehlanzekile ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze ususe ingxube esele namabala, bese womisa kahle.
Lapho usebenzisa i-sodium carbonate ekuhlanzeni izimboni, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe:
Ukuvikela ukuphepha: Ama-opharetha kufanele agqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengamagilavu, izibuko ezivikelayo, njll., ukuvimbela ukuthintana phakathi kwesixazululo nesikhumba namehlo.
Ukulawula ukugxilisa ingqondo: Lungisa ukugcwala kwe-sodium carbonate ngokwezidingo zokuhlanza ukuze ugweme ukugxilisa ingqondo ngokweqile okungase kubangele umonakalo ezintweni ezithile ezibucayi.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa: Ngemva kokuhlanza, kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi yomiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe izinsalela ukuthi zingathinti ukusebenza kwemishini.
Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-sodium percarbonate ekwelapheni kwamanzi ukususa izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo. Izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo, njengezinto eziphilayo zemvelo (NOM), izibulala-zinambuzane, izinsalela zezidakamizwa, njll., ziwukungcola okuvamile emizimbeni yamanzi okungase kube usongo empilweni yomuntu kanye nendawo ezungezile. I-sodium percarbonate ibola ngempumelelo lezi zinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-oxidation, iziguqule zibe ama-molecule amancane angenabungozi njengamanzi nesikhutha.
Icala locwaningo: Isibonelo, i-Fe (II) eyenziwe yasebenza i-sodium percarbonate yasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezingqimba ze-ultrafiltration yemvelo yemvelo ekuhlanzeni amanzi okuphuza, okubonisa imiphumela emihle. Ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kwe-Fe (II)/SPC kunganciphisa ukungcoliswa kolwelwesi, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokuhlunga ulwelwesi, futhi kususe ngempumelelo ukungcola.
Indlela: Kwezinye izifundo, i-sodium percarbonate ecushiwe evela ku-pyrite yemvelo iye yasetshenziswa ukususa i-tetracycline emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, okubonisa umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-catalytic nokuzinza. Le nqubo itholakala ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation yama-hydroxyl radicals nama-anions e-superoxide.
Izici zemvelo ze-sodium percarbonate ukuthi imikhiqizo yayo yokubola ayinabungozi emvelweni futhi ayikhiqizi imikhiqizo eyingozi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kwenza i-sodium percarbonate ibe yikhemikhali eluhlaza efanelekile esiza ukufeza ukusimama
Izinzuzo zemvelo: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium percarbonate kunciphisa ukuthembela kuma-ejenti okwelapha amakhemikhali endabuko, njengezibulala-magciwane ze-chloride, ezingase zikhiqize imikhiqizo eyingozi efana ne-trihalomethanes.
Ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme: Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium percarbonate, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi kakhulu, futhi imikhiqizo yayo yokubola ihambisana nemvelo, okusiza ukwehlisa izinga lekhabhoni ekuhlanzeni amanzi futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa okuzinzile kwemithombo yamanzi.
I-sodium percarbonate, njenge-oxidant eqinile, ingakwazi ukubola ngokuphumelelayo i-pigment ephilayo futhi ibulale ama-microorganisms ekudleni, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele inhloso yokukhipha i-bleaching kanye nokubulala amagciwane.
I-bleaching effect: I-sodium percarbonate ingasetshenziswa enqubweni yokugaya ukudla, njengokwelashwa okungaphezulu kukafulawa, izithelo, nemifino, ukususa imibala namabala angalindelekile,
ukwenza umkhiqizo ubonakale ube mhlophe futhi ukhange nakakhulu. Isibonelo, ekucubunguleni ufulawa, i-sodium percarbonate ingathuthukisa ubumhlophe befulawa futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yokubukeka komkhiqizo wokugcina.
Umthelela wokubulala amagciwane: Ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukudla, i-sodium percarbonate ingabulala amagciwane, isikhunta, nezinye izinto ezincane eziphilayo, inciphise ingozi yokonakaliswa kokudla, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yandise isikhathi sokudla sokudla. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni okonakalayo njengenyama, amaqanda ezinkukhu, nezilwane zasolwandle.
Mayelana nokuphepha kokudla kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium percarbonate kudinga ukuhambisana ngokuqinile nezindinganiso nemithethonqubo yenhlanzeko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco.
Izidingo zokuhlanzeka: Ngokwezindinganiso zomkhakha ezifana ne-WS/T 646-2019 'Izimfuneko zenhlanzeko zama-sodium percarbonate disinfectants', ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-magciwane ze-sodium percarbonate kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe, izidingo zobuchwepheshe, ububanzi bokufaka isicelo, izindlela zokusebenzisa, ezokuthutha, ukugcinwa nokupakisha, izidingo zokulebula, nokuhlola.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi: Amabhizinisi alungisa ukudla kufanele asebenzise ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile lapho kusetshenziswa i-sodium bicarbonate, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuqapha inqubo yokukhiqiza, nokuhlolwa kokugcina komkhiqizo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium bicarbonate akunawo umthelela omubi ekuphepheni nekhwalithi yokudla.
I-sodium percarbonate, njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza imvelo, isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yendwangu ekwelapheni ukuhlanza izindwangu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxutshwa kwe-chlorine okuvamile, i-sodium percarbonate bleaching ithambile, idala umonakalo omncane emiculweni, futhi ayikhiqizi imikhiqizo eyingozi.
Umphumela we-bleaching: I-sodium percarbonate ingakwazi ukubola ngempumelelo ama-pigments emvelo namadayi ezindwangu, yenze imibala yabo ifane futhi igqame.
Izici zemvelo: I-oxygen ne-sodium carbonate ekhiqizwa ngemva kokubola kwe-sodium percarbonate ayinabungozi emvelweni futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo eziphezulu zemvelo zemboni yendwangu yamanje.
Ngaphezu komphumela wayo wokufiphala, i-sodium percarbonate ingabuye ithuthukise ikhwalithi yefayibha nokuzwakala kwezindwangu, ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwazo ezimakethe.
Ikhwalithi yefiber: Ukwelashwa kwe-sodium percarbonate kungasusa ukungcola kanye ne-fuzz endaweni yefayibha, kwenze indawo yefiber ibe bushelelezi futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi iyonke yezindwangu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuthungwa: Izindwangu eziphathwe nge-sodium carbonate zinokuthungwa okuthambile futhi okuthambile, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
Embonini yendwangu, i-sodium percarbonate ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izindwangu ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
Ngaphambi kokwelashwa: Ngaphambi kokudaya noma ukuphrinta izindwangu, imicu iphathwa ngaphambili ngesisombululo se-sodium carbonate ukuze kususwe ukungcola kwemvelo futhi kulungiselelwe izinqubo zokudaya noma zokuphrinta ezilandelayo.
Ukwelashwa kokuthunyelwe: Ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwezindwangu kuqediwe, ukwelashwa kwangemva kokwelashwa kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-sodium carbonate ukuze kuzuzwe i-bleaching nokuthuthukisa ukuzwa kwesandla.
Lapho usebenzisa i-sodium carbonate ekwelapheni izindwangu, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe:
Ukulawula ukugxilisa ingqondo: Ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium percarbonate kufanele kulawulwe ngokunengqondo ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwendwangu kanye nomphumela wokwelapha odingekayo ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo omkhulu emicu.
Isikhathi sokucubungula: Ubude besikhathi sokucubungula bungathinta ukusebenza kwe-bleaching kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-fiber, futhi kudinga ukulungiswa ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile.
Ukuhlanjululwa kanye nokungathathi hlangothi: Ngemva kokwelashwa, izindwangu kufanele zihlanjululwe kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze kukhishwe i-sodium percarbonate esele. Uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kwe-neutralization kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokunethezeka kwezindwangu.
Ukwenza ngcono ubumhlophe be-pulp kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina wephepha ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-pulp. I-sodium percarbonate, njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza ephumelelayo, ingadlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuhlanza i-pulp.
Umphumela wokucweba: I-sodium percarbonate ingabola i-lignin nezinye izinto ezinemibala ku-pulp, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ubumhlophe be-pulp futhi yenze iphepha lokugcina elikhiqiziwe lihlanzeke futhi licwebezele ngokwengeziwe.
Izici zendawo ezungezile: Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxutshwa kwe-chlorine evamile, inqubo ye-sodium percarbonate bleaching ikhiqiza imikhiqizo embalwa futhi inomthelela omncane endaweni ezungezile, ehlangabezana nezidingo zemboni yamaphepha yesimanje yokuvikela imvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme.
Enkambweni yokucubungula iphepha, i-sodium percarbonate ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ubumhlophe bephepha, kodwa futhi ithuthukise izici ezingaphezulu zephepha, ithuthukise ikhwalithi nokubukeka kwayo.
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu: I-sodium percarbonate ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwephepha ukuze kususwe amabala angaphezulu nokungcola, okwenza ingaphezulu lephepha libe bushelelezi futhi lifane.
Ukuthuthukisa ukuzwa kwesandla: Iphepha eliphathwe nge-sodium carbonate linomuzwa wesandla othambile futhi othambile, othuthukisa ukuthinta kwephepha nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium percarbonate ekukhiqizeni i-pulp kanye nokucubungula iphepha ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili: Esigabeni sokulungiselela uginindela, inani elifanele le-sodium percarbonate liyengezwa ukuze kulungiswe kusengaphambili ukubola i-lignin nezinye izinto ezinemibala.
Inqubo yokuhlanza: Enqubweni yokufiphala kwe-pulp, inani le-sodium percarbonate nesikhathi sokucubungula kuyalawulwa ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wobumhlophe obufunekayo.
Ukucutshungulwa kwephepha: Ngemva kokuba iphepha lenziwe, isisombululo se-sodium carbonate singasetshenziswa ukuphatha ubuso bephepha, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokubukeka kwayo.
Lapho usebenzisa i-sodium carbonate ukukhiqizwa kwe-pulp kanye nokucubungula iphepha, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe:
Ukulawula ukugxilisa ingqondo: Ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium percarbonate kufanele kulawulwe ngokunengqondo ngokusekelwe ezicini ze-pulp kanye nomphumela wobumhlophe odingekayo ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala okweqile emicu.
Izimo zokucubungula: Izinga lokushisa, inani le-pH, nesikhathi phakathi nokucubungula kudinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela wokufiphaza kanye nekhwalithi yephepha.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa: Ngemuva kokwelashwa, iphepha kufanele lihlanjululwe kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze kukhishwe i-sodium percarbonate esele, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kanye nobungane bemvelo bephepha.
Izindawo zokufaka izicelo ezihlukene: I-sodium percarbonate isetshenziswe emikhakheni yezimboni eziningi ezifana nezindwangu, ukwenza amaphepha, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, nokucubungula ukudla, okubonisa ukusebenza kwayo okubanzi kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu.
Izinzuzo zemvelo: Njengekhemikhali eluhlaza, i-sodium percarbonate inomthelela omncane kwezemvelo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, okusiza ukwehlisa umthwalo wokukhiqizwa kwezimboni endaweni ezungezile futhi ihambisana nokuthambekela kwentuthuko esimeme emhlabeni jikelele.
Amandla okusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe: Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-sodium percarbonate kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo nokusebenza kahle kwayo, futhi kuhlole ezinye izimo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo: I-sodium percarbonate ingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokubukeka nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo ekuxubeni izindwangu, ukucubungula amaphepha, nezinye izici, kuthuthukise ukuncintisana kwayo ezimakethe.
Ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium percarbonate kungenza inqubo yokukhiqiza ibe lula, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nesikhathi sokucubungula, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho.
Ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium percarbonate kusiza ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zendabuko ziye endleleni evumelana nemvelo futhi ephumelelayo, ukufeza ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza.
Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolile: I-sodium percarbonate, njengekhemikhali engavumelani nemvelo, imikhiqizo yayo yokubola ayinabungozi emvelweni futhi isiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa okungcolile ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni.
Ukukhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza: Ezindaweni ezifana nokwelashwa kwamanzi, i-sodium percarbonate ingasiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphinda lisetshenziswe kwezisetshenziswa zamanzi futhi isekele ukuphathwa okuzinzile kwemithombo yamanzi.
Ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho yemvelo: Izici zemvelo ze-sodium percarbonate zisiza ukuhlangabezana nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo futhi zikhuthaze ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.
