Ukubuka: 11 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-04-01 Umsuka: Isayithi
I-Thiourea, enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi CH4N2S, iyinhlanganisela yemvelo equkethe amaqembu asebenzayo esibabule ne-urea. Ivamise ukuba khona ngendlela yamakristalu amhlophe kuya kokuphuzi, inokuncibilika okuhle, ingancibilika emanzini nasezitshwaleni, kodwa inokuncibilika okuphansi kuma-ether. I-Thiourea inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo embonini nasocwaningweni lwesayensi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile.
Embonini yenjoloba, i-thiourea isetshenziswa kakhulu njengomgqugquzeli we-vulcanization, ongasheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwenjoloba nama-ejenti afaka i-vulcanizing, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyezwe isikhathi sokuvuvukala nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukunwebeka, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nezindawo zokulwa nokuguga zenjoloba, kuyenze ifaneleke kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ezahlukahlukene zezimboni nezabathengi.
Emkhakheni wemithi, i-thiourea kanye nokuphuma kwayo kufundwa kabanzi futhi kusetshenziswe ngenxa yemisebenzi yazo ehlukahlukene yebhayoloji. Izidakamizwa ze-Thiourea zibonise imiphumela ebalulekile yokwelapha ekwelapheni izifo ezifana ne-hyperthyroidism, futhi ziyimithi yokwenziwa kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa, njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala nezilwa nokuvuvukala.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea akubonisi nje kuphela isikhundla sayo esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, kodwa futhi kubonisa indima yayo ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo yabantu. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko ezidingekayo ezimakethe, izinkambu zokufaka izicelo kanye nezindlela ze-thiourea zizoqhubeka nokukhula, okuletha izinzuzo ezengeziwe ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni kanye nempilo yabantu.
Ukubukeka: I-Thiourea ivamise ukubonakala njengekristale emhlophe kuya kokuphuzi ngokukhanyayo nokubukeka okucwebezelayo.
Ukuminyana: Ukuminyana kwe-thiourea cishe ku-1.41g/cm ³。
Iphuzu elincibilikayo: Indawo encibilikayo ye-thiourea iphakathi kuka-176 no-178 ℃.
Ukunyibilika: I-Thiourea ine-solubility ephansi emanzini, kodwa ingancibilika emanzini ashisayo; Incibilika kalula ku-ethanol, inyibilika kancane ku-ether.
Inkomba ye-Refractive: Inkomba ye-refractive ye-thiourea cishe i-1.654.
Iphoyinti elikhanyayo: Iphoyinti elikhanyayo le-thiourea ngu-66.8 ℃.
I-Chemical reactivity: I-Thiourea ingasabela ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, njenge-hydrogen sulfide, i-calcium cyanamide, njll., ukuze yakhe i-thiourea.
I-Acidity: I-Thiourea iyinhlanganisela ene-asidi ebuthakathaka engasabela ngezisekelo ukuze yenze usawoti.
Ukuzinza kwe-thermal: I-Thiourea izinzile uma ishisa, kodwa ingase ibole emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Ubuthi: I-Thiourea inobuthi obuthile, obunobuthi obunamandla i-LD50 ye-125mg/kg (ngomlomo kumagundane) kanye ne-100mg/kg (isisu kumagundane).
I-Ecotoxicity: I-Thiourea inobuthi ezintweni eziphila emanzini futhi ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ezindaweni zasemanzini.
imininingwane yezokuphepha
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenza: Lapho kusetshenziswa i-thiourea, izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha kufanele zithathwe, njengokuvala, ukungena komoya wendawo, ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela namagilavu, njll.
Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala: Ngemva kokuthinta isikhumba ne-thiourea, hlambulula kahle ngamanzi anensipho namanzi ngokushesha; Ngemuva kokuthintana kwamehlo, hlambulula ngamanzi agelezayo noma usawoti womzimba futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha; Ngemva kokuhogela i-thiourea, umuntu kufanele asheshe asuke endaweni yesehlakalo aye endaweni enomoya omusha futhi agcine indlela yokuphefumula ingavinjwa; Ngemva kokuphuza i-thiourea, umuntu kufanele aphuze amanzi afudumele anele, enze ukuhlanza, futhi afune usizo lwezokwelapha.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nomlilo: i-nitrogen oxide eyingozi kanye negesi ye-sulphur oxide ingase ikhiqizwe lapho i-thiourea isha. Amanzi, igwebu, isikhutha, isihlabathi nezinye izindlela zizosetshenziswa ukucisha umlilo.
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-rubber vulcanization, i-thiourea isebenza njengomgqugquzeli ophumelelayo ongasheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwenjoloba nama-ejenti afaka i-vulcanizing, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyeze isikhathi sokwenza i-vulcanization futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. I-Thiourea ingakhuthaza ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi exhumanisa ngokuphambana ngokusabela ngamabhondi aphindwe kabili kuma-molecule enjoloba, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukunwebeka, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nokuguga zenjoloba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-vulcanization, kwenze imikhiqizo yenjoloba ifinyelele izici ezidingekayo zomzimba namakhemikhali ngesikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle akunciphisi nje kuphela isikhathi sokukhiqiza nezindleko, kodwa futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukungaguquguquki nokuthembeka komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thiourea ingabuye ithuthukise ukusebenza kokucubungula kwerabha, ikwenze kube lula ukubumba nokucubungula.
Inzuzo yemvelo ye-thiourea ilele enqubweni yayo yokukhiqiza kanye nomthelela omncane endaweni ezungezile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-accelerator endabuko e-vulcanization, i-thiourea ikhiqiza amanzi angcolile amancane kanye negesi yokukhipha igesi ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, esiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, imikhiqizo yokubola ye-thiourea ayinangozi uma kuqhathaniswa futhi ngeke ibangele ukulimala kwesikhathi eside ku-ecosystem.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sezidingo eziqinile zemvelo, izici zemvelo ze-thiourea zenza ukusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yenjoloba kukhange kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa i-thiourea njengomgqugquzeli we-vulcanization, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza iraba awakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi aphendule izinqubomgomo zemvelo futhi azuze intuthuko esimeme.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea embonini yenjoloba kubonise indima yayo ebalulekile njengomgqugquzeli we-vulcanization. Ayithuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwe-vulcanization kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo. Ngokuqiniswa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, i-thiourea kulindeleke ukuthi ibambe iqhaza elikhulu embonini yenjoloba yesikhathi esizayo, ibe negalelo ekuzuzeni ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba eluhlaza kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhudlwana.
I-Thiourea, njengengxenye ebalulekile yamakhemikhali ephilayo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi ehlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-athomu esibabule asebenzayo namaqembu e-amino kuma-molecule e-thiourea, angabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene njengokushintshwa kwe-nucleophilic, i-acylation, i-condensation, njll., ngaleyo ndlela ahlanganise izinhlanganisela nemisebenzi ethile yebhayoloji. I-Thiourea inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ekuhlanganiseni izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-thyroid, izidakamizwa ze-antifungal, izidakamizwa ze-anti-tumor, njalonjalo.
Izidakamizwa ze-Thiourea zingenye yezidakamizwa eziyinhloko ekwelapheni i-hyperthyroidism. Lezi zidakamizwa zilawula izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism ngokuvimbela umsebenzi we-thyroid peroxidase nokunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamahomoni e-thyroid. Izidakamizwa ezivamile ezisekelwe ku-thiourea ezisekelwe ku-anti thyroid zihlanganisa i-propylthiouracil (PTU) ne-methylthiouracil (MMI), kokubili okuphuma kokunye okusekelwe ku-thiourea.
Amayunithi esakhiwo se-thiourea akhona kabanzi kuma-molecule amaningi e-bioactive, ngaleyo ndlela abe namandla amakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemithi emisha. Amakhemikhali e-Thiourea acutshungulwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana ne-anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, kanye ne-anti-tumor. Ngokuqonda okujulile kobudlelwane besakhiwo nomsebenzi wezinhlanganisela ze-thiourea, imithi eminingi emisha esekelwe ezakhiweni ze-thiourea ingase ithuthukiswe ngokuzayo.
I-Thiourea isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha, hhayi nje kuphela njengendawo ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa, kodwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni izifo ezinjenge-hyperthyroidism. Ngokuthuthuka kwekhemistri yezemithi kanye ne-biotechnology, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea kanye nokuphuma kwayo ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi emisha kuzoba banzi nakakhulu. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, izinhlanganisela ze-thiourea kulindeleke ukuthi zilethe izinzuzo ezengeziwe empilweni yabantu.
Imboni yenjoloba: I-Thiourea isebenza njengomgqugquzeli we-vulcanization embonini yenjoloba, isiza ukuthuthukisa ukunwebeka nokumelana nokugqoka kwenjoloba. Ngokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwenjoloba emhlabeni wonke, isidingo se-thiourea sinyukile.
Emkhakheni wezolimo, i-thiourea ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo we-nitrogen ukunikeza isici se-nitrogen esidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, kuyilapho futhi ibe nemiphumela yokubulala amagciwane, esiza ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo zezitshalo nezinambuzane.
Imboni yamakhemikhali: I-Thiourea isetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza embonini yamakhemikhali ukuze kuhlanganiswe amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, njengodayi, ama-resin, njll.
Imboni yezogesi: I-Electronic grade thiourea inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile emikhakheni ye-elekthronikhi ye-electroplating efana nezixazululo ze-electroplating namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komkhakha we-elekthronikhi, isidingo se-thiourea ehlanzekile siyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe: Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-thiourea buyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza, okusiza ukwandisa ububanzi bokusebenzisa i-thiourea emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Izimo zemvelo: Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo emhlabeni jikelele kuholele ekwendeni kwesidingo samakhemikhali angangenisi imvelo. I-Thiourea, njengenhlanganisela evumelana nemvelo, kulindeleke ukuthi ithole amathuba emakethe amaningi ngenkathi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo.
Izindawo zezicelo ezisafufusa: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea emikhakheni esafufusa njengemithi nezolimo nakho kuyanda njalo, kuletha amathuba engeziwe emakethe yase-thiourea.
Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yezinto ezibonakalayo: Izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-thiourea zithintwa kakhulu amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe, futhi ukuguquguquka kwentengo kungase kuholele ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza ezingazinzile, kuphazamise ukuhlinzekwa kwemakethe.
Ukuncintisana kwemakethe: Kunezinga elithile lokuncintisana emakethe ye-thiourea, ikakhulukazi evela kubakhiqizi basekhaya nabangaphandle. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwawo ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukumaketha, nezinye izici.
Indawo yenqubomgomo: Njengomkhiqizo wamakhemikhali, i-thiourea ivinjelwa imithetho yemvelo, amazinga okukhiqiza okuphepha, nezinye izinqubomgomo. Amabhizinisi kudingeka ahambisane nemithetho yokukhiqiza, aqinise ukubusa kwemvelo, futhi aqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuphepha kokukhiqizwa.
Ukungqubuzana kwezohwebo kwamanye amazwe: Izinguquko esimweni sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe zingase zibe nomthelela ekungenisweni nasekuthunyelweni kwe-thiourea. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinqubomgomo zezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe futhi alungise kalula amasu awo ebhizinisi.
I-Thiourea, njenge-accelerator yerabha, ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kwe-vulcanization kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi iyikhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwenjoloba.
Ngokukhula kwesidingo senjoloba emhlabeni wonke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea embonini yenjoloba kuzoqhubeka nokukhula, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni amathayi, amapayipi enjoloba, izicathulo zenjoloba neminye imikhiqizo.
Ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yezemvelo kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo sezithasiselo zenjoloba ezingayingeni imvelo, kanti i-thiourea, njengekhemikhali ehambisana nemvelo, kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yenjoloba.
I-Thiourea kanye nokuphuma kwayo kubonise imiphumela ebalulekile yokwelapha ekwelapheni izifo ezinjenge-hyperthyroidism. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-thiourea iphinde ibe maphakathi ekuhlanganisweni kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa, njengezidakamizwa ze-antifungal kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha, amandla okusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea emkhakheni wezokwenziwa kwemithi makhulu, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwemithi emisha kanye nokwenza ngcono kwemithi ekhona.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe: Kulindeleke ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-thiourea buzoqhubeka buthuthuka esikhathini esizayo, buthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko nomthelela emvelweni.
Ukunwetshwa kwemakethe: Ngokukhula kwezimakethe ezisafufusa kanye nokujula kwezimakethe ezikhona, isidingo semakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-thiourea kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke nokukhula.
Ukuthambekela kwemvelo: Isidingo samakhemikhali anobungani bemvelo sizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka emhlabeni jikelele, futhi i-thiourea, njengekhemikhali ehambisana nemvelo, kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokwandisa isabelo sayo semakethe.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiourea kweminye imikhakha efana nezokwelapha, ezolimo, kanye ne-electronics kuzoqhubeka nokukhula ngenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, kunikeze umfutho omusha ekukhuleni kwayo kwemakethe.
