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Triphenyl phosphite
Colorless transparent liquid
101-02-0
C18H15O3P
310
202-908-4
Insoluble in water
Product Description
Triphenyl phosphite, commonly abbreviated as TPP, is an aromatic organophosphite with the formula C18H15O3P and CAS number 101-02-0.
It is used as a secondary antioxidant and processing stabilizer in selected polymers, resins, adhesives, coatings and lubricant formulations. It is also used as an organophosphorus intermediate and ligand in chemical synthesis.
Triphenyl phosphite is a low-melting material. Depending on temperature and thermal history, it may appear as a clear liquid, a low-melting solid, a solidified melt or a supercooled liquid. This physical variation does not by itself indicate a quality problem.
AOZUN supplies Triphenyl phosphite for industrial processing and international distribution. Product grade, impurity limits, packaging and documentation can be confirmed according to the customer’s application.
Property | Information |
|---|---|
Product name | Triphenyl phosphite |
Abbreviation | TPP |
CAS number | 101-02-0 |
EC number | 202-908-4 |
Molecular formula | C18H15O3P |
Linear formula | P(OC6H5)3 |
Molecular weight | 310.28 g/mol |
Chemical class | Aromatic phosphite ester |
Appearance | Colorless to pale-yellow liquid or low-melting solid |
Melting or solidification range | Approximately 20–24°C |
Boiling point | Approximately 360°C, with decomposition possible |
Density | Approximately 1.18–1.19 g/cm³ |
Refractive index | Approximately 1.585–1.592 |
Water solubility | Very low |
Moisture sensitivity | Hydrolyzes in contact with moisture |
Main functions | Secondary antioxidant, processing stabilizer and synthesis intermediate |
Physical-property values are reference data. The approved sales specification and batch-specific certificate of analysis govern commercial acceptance.
Triphenyl phosphite has a melting or solidification range close to normal room temperature. As a result, the same material may arrive as:
A clear liquid
A partially crystallized liquid
An off-white low-melting solid
A solidified melt
A supercooled liquid that remains fluid below its normal melting range
Crystallization during cool storage does not automatically mean the product has degraded.
If remelting is required, use controlled indirect heating according to the supplier’s SDS and handling instructions. Do not use direct flame or excessive temperature. The container should remain protected from water and humid air during conditioning.
Temperature-sensitive users should discuss winter transportation, heated unloading and transfer-line requirements before shipment.
The following table represents a typical industrial commercial profile. Exact AOZUN specifications must be confirmed in the quotation and batch COA.
Test item | Typical commercial target | Why it matters |
Appearance | Clear, colorless to pale-yellow liquid or low-melting solid | Indicates general condition |
Assay | ≥99.0% | Indicates Triphenyl phosphite content |
Color | ≤60 APHA/Pt-Co | Important for transparent and light-colored products |
Acid value | ≤0.50 mg KOH/g | Helps monitor hydrolysis and acidic degradation |
Free phenol | ≤2,000 ppm | Relevant to odor, hydrolysis and downstream performance |
Refractive index | 1.585–1.590 | Supports identification and consistency |
Density | 1.183–1.192 g/cm³ | Supports identity and process calculations |
Solidification point | 19–24°C | Explains physical form near room temperature |
Moisture | Application-specific | Important because water promotes hydrolysis |
Identification | Conforms | Confirms chemical identity |
Higher-purity, lower-color or tighter-phenol requirements may be considered after technical review. Buyers should define critical impurities before requesting a quotation.
Acid value is one of the most useful indicators of Triphenyl phosphite condition.
An increased acid value may indicate:
Moisture exposure
Hydrolysis
Improper storage
Packaging leakage
Extended storage under unsuitable conditions
Formation of acidic degradation products
A low acid value is particularly important where TPP will be used in acid-sensitive catalysts, transparent polymers or formulations that require stable color.
Phenol may be present as a manufacturing-related impurity or may form when Triphenyl phosphite undergoes hydrolysis.
Simplified hydrolysis can be represented as:
P(OC6H5)3 + water → phosphorus-containing acids + phenol
The actual hydrolysis pathway can involve intermediate products. The simplified equation should not be treated as a complete reaction mechanism.
Excess free phenol may affect:
Odor
Color
Worker exposure controls
Polymer processing
Downstream reaction selectivity
Regulatory assessment
Final-product specifications
Buyers should specify a separate phenol limit rather than assuming that total assay fully represents product quality.
Water can consume Triphenyl phosphite and generate acidic hydrolysis products. Moisture may therefore reduce effective stabilizer content even when the product still appears clear.
Moisture control should include:
Dry storage
Tightly closed containers
Dry transfer systems
Appropriate seals and hoses
Inert-gas blanketing where required
Limited exposure during sampling
Prevention of humid-air backflow
Low initial color is important for transparent, white and lightly pigmented polymers.
Color alone does not prove purity. A complete evaluation may require assay, acid value, free phenol, moisture and color results.
Triphenyl phosphite is generally classified as a secondary antioxidant or processing stabilizer.
During polymer processing, heat and oxygen may contribute to the formation of hydroperoxides. These unstable species can decompose into radicals that promote:
Chain scission
Crosslinking
Yellowing
Loss of mechanical properties
Melt-viscosity change
Surface defects
Reduced processing stability
Phosphite antioxidants can react with hydroperoxides and convert them into less reactive products. During this process, the phosphorus(III) center is oxidized toward a phosphorus(V) form.
This mechanism can help reduce oxidative damage during high-temperature processing. Actual performance depends on the polymer, stabilizer package, processing temperature, residence time, oxygen exposure and additive concentration.
Triphenyl phosphite may be used with selected primary antioxidants.
Primary antioxidants typically interrupt radical-chain reactions. Secondary phosphite antioxidants primarily address hydroperoxide decomposition. A properly designed combination may therefore provide better processing stability than either component alone.
Synergy must be confirmed experimentally. Compatibility, migration, color, hydrolysis resistance and regulatory status should all be evaluated in the finished formulation.
Triphenyl phosphite is selected for its phosphorus(III) reactivity, low initial color and compatibility with certain organic formulations.
In selected PVC formulations, TPP may contribute to:
Processing stability
Color retention
Transparency
Metal-ion complexation
Stabilizer-package performance
It is not a complete PVC stabilizer by itself. Performance depends on resin type, plasticizer, primary heat stabilizer, processing temperature and other additives.
TPP may be used as a secondary antioxidant in selected polyethylene and polypropylene processing systems.
Before commercial use, formulators should evaluate:
Melt-flow retention
Color
Odor
Plate-out
Hydrolytic stability
Long-term aging
Interaction with catalyst residues
Regulatory requirements
Modern polymer systems may use more hydrolytically stable phosphites when severe moisture resistance or long service life is required.
Triphenyl phosphite may be evaluated in polyester, polyurethane and related resin systems as a processing stabilizer, color-control additive or chemical intermediate.
Water and acid value are especially relevant because these systems may contain moisture-sensitive components or catalysts.
Compatibility should be tested in the complete formulation.
TPP may help reduce processing discoloration in selected styrenic, ABS and engineering-plastic systems.
The result depends on:
Resin grade
Processing temperature
Number of heat histories
Pigment package
Residual catalyst
Other stabilizers
Required service life
A laboratory trial should reproduce the actual extrusion, molding or compounding conditions.
Triphenyl phosphite may function as a stabilizer or reactive intermediate in selected adhesive and coating formulations.
Formulators should evaluate:
Storage stability
Cure behavior
Color
Viscosity
Adhesion
Moisture sensitivity
Emissions
Compatibility with catalysts and curing agents
It should not be assumed that TPP is compatible with every coating or adhesive chemistry.
TPP has been evaluated as an auxiliary antioxidant or additive component in selected lubricant systems.
Performance depends on base oil, temperature, metal contact, water contamination and the complete additive package. Finished-lubricant testing is required.
Triphenyl phosphite can act as:
A phosphorus(III) reagent
An organophosphorus intermediate
A ligand in coordination chemistry
A starting material for selected phosphorus compounds
Synthesis-grade requirements may place more emphasis on GC purity, water, phenol and related phosphorus impurities than polymer-grade applications.
Triphenyl phosphite should not automatically be marketed as a stand-alone flame retardant.
Although it contains phosphorus and may be used as an intermediate in phosphorus chemistry, the flame-retardant performance of a finished material depends on:
Polymer type
Additive concentration
Phosphorus content
Decomposition pathway
Char formation
Dispersion
Sample thickness
Test method
A material should only be described as flame-retardant after the final formulation has passed an appropriate standard such as UL 94, limiting oxygen index or another relevant fire test.
Triphenyl phosphite and Triphenyl phosphate are different chemicals.
Comparison | Triphenyl phosphite | Triphenyl phosphate |
CAS number | 101-02-0 | 115-86-6 |
Formula | C18H15O3P | C18H15O4P |
Phosphorus state | Phosphorus(III) | Phosphorus(V) |
Key structural feature | No terminal P=O oxygen | Contains a phosphoryl oxygen |
Typical role | Secondary antioxidant and synthesis reagent | Plasticizer or flame-retardant component in selected formulations |
Abbreviation risk | Often called TPP | Also sometimes called TPP |
Because both names may be abbreviated as TPP, purchase orders should always include the full chemical name and CAS number.
Triphenylphosphine is also a different compound.
Triphenyl phosphite: P(OC6H5)3, CAS 101-02-0
Triphenylphosphine: P(C6H5)3, CAS 603-35-0
Triphenyl phosphite contains three phosphorus–oxygen–phenyl groups. Triphenylphosphine contains direct phosphorus–carbon bonds.
They must not be substituted for one another without chemical-process validation.
Prioritize:
Low color
Low acid value
Controlled phenol
Consistent purity
Clean packaging
Prioritize:
Moisture control
Low acid value
Inert-gas packaging
Short exposure time during transfer
Dry storage and dosing systems
Prioritize:
GC purity
Identity confirmation
Water
Phenol
Relevant phosphorus impurities
Batch traceability
Prioritize:
Batch consistency
Reliable physical form
Transfer temperature
Drum or bulk-handling compatibility
Lead time
Change-notification procedure
Retained samples
GC is commonly used for assay and volatile or semi-volatile organic impurities.
The COA should clarify whether the result is GC area percentage or another calculation basis.
Acid value helps monitor hydrolysis and acidic degradation. Sampling equipment must be dry because moisture introduced during sampling can affect the result.
Free phenol should be measured separately when it is a critical parameter. Total assay cannot reliably replace a specific phenol test.
APHA or platinum-cobalt color is useful for transparent and lightly colored applications. The agreed test method and temperature should be stated.
Density and refractive index support identity and batch-consistency checks. They do not replace chromatography or impurity testing.
The solidification range helps explain handling behavior near room temperature. It can also support identity and purity assessment.
AOZUN can review the intended polymer, resin or synthesis application before confirming the appropriate commercial specification.
Available documents can be confirmed during quotation and may include:
Certificate of analysis
Safety data sheet
Technical data sheet
Packing information
Country-of-origin information
Transport documents
Regulatory statements where available
Approved drums, IBCs or other industrial packaging may be available depending on quantity, destination and transport classification.
Exact packaging and net weight must be confirmed in the sales contract.
AOZUN can coordinate export documentation and shipment information with the customer and logistics provider.
Customers should disclose temperature-sensitive unloading requirements and destination regulations before shipment.
Store Triphenyl phosphite in tightly closed, compatible containers in a cool, dry and well-ventilated location.
Recommended controls include:
Protect from moisture and humid air
Keep containers closed when not in use
Use dry transfer equipment
Consider inert-gas blanketing
Protect from strong oxidizing agents
Keep away from excessive heat
Prevent direct sunlight exposure
Use secondary containment
Avoid contamination with acids or water
Restrict handling to trained personnel
If the product solidifies during cool storage, follow the supplier-approved remelting procedure. Use controlled indirect heating and confirm that the packaging is suitable for warming.
Shelf life depends on product grade, packaging and storage conditions. Refer to the commercial documents supplied with the order.
Triphenyl phosphite may be harmful if swallowed and may irritate the skin and eyes. It may cause skin sensitization and may affect organs after prolonged or repeated exposure. It is also hazardous to aquatic life.
Consult the current SDS before handling.
Appropriate controls may include:
Closed transfer
Local exhaust ventilation
Chemical-resistant gloves
Protective clothing
Eye or face protection
Emergency washing facilities
Spill containment
Controlled waste collection
Do not release Triphenyl phosphite, contaminated water or cleaning residues into drains or the environment.
Burning or severe overheating may generate irritating or toxic phosphorus-containing fumes. Fire response must follow the current SDS and site emergency plan.
Transport classification may vary with purity, composition, jurisdiction and applicable regulations. Do not assign a UN number or packing group from a generic online source alone.
Before shipment, verify:
Current supplier SDS
Proper shipping name
UN number, if applicable
Hazard class
Packing group
Marine-pollutant status
Approved packaging
Temperature controls
Import requirements
Buyers should also confirm REACH, TSCA, local inventory, food-contact, automotive, electrical or other end-use requirements where applicable.
General chemical availability does not establish approval for a regulated final product.
For a more accurate quotation, provide:
Product: Triphenyl phosphite
CAS number: 101-02-0
Required assay
Maximum acid value
Maximum free phenol
Maximum color
Moisture requirement
Required quantity
Preferred packaging
Destination
Intended application
Required documents
Delivery schedule
Special winter-handling requirements
The CAS number is 101-02-0.
It can be either. Its melting range is close to room temperature, so it may be supplied as a liquid, low-melting solid, partially crystallized material or supercooled liquid.
Crystallization can occur when the storage temperature falls near or below its solidification range. Crystallization alone does not demonstrate degradation.
It may generally be conditioned using controlled indirect heating, but the supplier’s approved procedure and SDS must be followed. Avoid direct flame, water contamination and excessive heat.
Yes. Moisture can cause hydrolysis and generate phenol and acidic phosphorus-containing products.
Acid value helps monitor acidic impurities, moisture-related hydrolysis and storage condition.
It is normally described as a secondary antioxidant or processing stabilizer. It may be combined with suitable primary antioxidants.
No. Triphenyl phosphite is CAS 101-02-0, while Triphenyl phosphate is CAS 115-86-6.
It should not automatically be described as a stand-alone flame retardant. Flame performance must be verified in the final polymer using an applicable fire test.
Only when the specific grade, use level, formulation and destination-market regulations permit it. Standard industrial grade should not be assumed to be food-contact compliant.
That depends on the application. Assay, acid value, free phenol, moisture and color are commonly important.
Available documents may include a batch COA, SDS, TDS, packaging information and transport documentation. Confirm requirements before ordering.
AOZUN supplies Triphenyl phosphite CAS 101-02-0 for polymer processing, chemical synthesis and international industrial distribution.
Send us your required assay, acid value, phenol limit, color, quantity, packaging and destination. AOZUN will review product availability, documentation and shipping requirements before providing a quotation.
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